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The Impact of Reference Linking on the Creation and Use of References/Citations

This workshop explores the benefits and considerations of reference linking in academic articles and bibliographies. It covers data considerations, presentation of links, centralized vs. local linking, and new partnerships to improve the linking process.

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The Impact of Reference Linking on the Creation and Use of References/Citations

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  1. The Impact of Reference Linking on the Creation and Use of References/Citations CENDI/FLICC Workshop Library of Congress June 21, 2000 Deb Bendig, OCLC dbendig@oclc.org

  2. Outline Data considerations Presentation of links Appropriate copy issue Centralized vs.. local linking Other considerations - one slide only! New partnerships Summary

  3. What is a citation? • A reference in an article • An item in a bibliography • A record in a citation or A&I database

  4. Interesting citation data • Author • Title • Journal/ISSN • Year • Volume • Issue • 1st page number • Unique ID

  5. Recommendation • When providing article data: • Identify each citation • Put citation data elements into distinct fields • Include any unique article ID you have, even if not to be displayed • Use standards where possible • Include any unique article ID in the citation! • Include a unique article ID for the article!

  6. Digression The best article identifier is • associated with the article from the beginning of the publication process, • displayed with the article, and • carried in all references to the article. Make unique article ids ubiquitous!

  7. Where will the links appear? • HTML articles • Within PDF articles? • HTML versions of PDF articles • PS/TeX/etc. articles?

  8. Presentation of links • Should links be printable? • Anything displayed in a browser prints • If link is durable, consider displaying • And, links may be different for different people, depending on rights • Should links be branded? • May be required by full-text source • Good for unambiguous id of source

  9. Where do the links come from? Publisher adds them • Manual process $$$$ • Automated process to id citations, extract data, batch match against...existing full-text systems? • Link maintenance? • Record updated when new sources available? • Assumes all users of data have access via specified link(s)

  10. Where do the links come from? “System” adds them • Automated process, based on : • Available citation data • Available matching articles • User rights information • On-the-fly or continuously updated

  11. Automated article linking challenges • Granularity • Will the real article title stand up? • Special characters • Versions/editions/manifestations • Reissued article • Modified article • Different ISSN for electronic version of journal • Remedy: TOCs?

  12. For now, assume a perfect match...

  13. Appropriate copy issue • Same articles available from multiple sources • Library or user has paid for access from one or more source • How does a system know the best full-text links to display to a user?

  14. Library defines their best link sources • E-holdings consist of • Multiple sources • Possibly some overlap • Possibly different source for different time periods • Possibly multiple formats, with preferred order • Can change frequently • Therefore, library holdings profile

  15. Sources • Multiple sources of articles • CrossRef, NIH/NCBI initiatives • Direct from publisher • Aggregator services • Overlapping coverage among sources • Multiple formats: ASCII, HTML, PDF • Varying linking mechanisms • Agreements may control availability via system

  16. Journal Sources Profile For each available source, track: • Journal Title • ISSN • Coverage • Format(s)? • Linking mechanism/requirements (query, DOI, unique ID) • Authentication requirements? And/or, have a database of all available articles, with links

  17. Given a link, what does the user get? • An article (or TOC) • “No dead links!” • Requires knowledge of article’s existence, e.g, database of articles • The possibility of an article • Service uses profile of source holdings and assumes all articles are available

  18. Centralized vs. local linking • Centralized: • System provided for libraries • Each system must know library profile • Links or associated services limited to system agreements/capabilities • Local (e.g., ExLibris SFX, consortia): • Centralized holdings profile?’ • Possibility of bigger pool of sources, services

  19. Other linking considerations • Centralized library holdings profiling • Authentication (especially remote user) • Guaranteed archival access • Per-article purchase • Linking standards • Source of article-use statistics for library

  20. New partnerships Libraries ask online services for: • Full-text coverage matching their access rights • Currency: how quickly new full text integrated? • Quality of linking • %-age dead links • %-age incorrectly linked articles • Persistent URLs • Centralized holdings profile • One-stop shopping, with title-level control

  21. New partnerships Online services ask publishers for: • Timely availability of online full text • Data to support accurate online linking • Standard metadata • Unique article identifiers added in publishing process • Persistent URLs for full text • Remote authentication solutions • Cost-effective access to full text

  22. New partnerships Publishers ask for: • Accurate rights management • Access to more subscribers • Continuation of revenue stream • Tools to support data production • Remote authentication solutions

  23. Summary • Quality of linking becomes a significant system discriminator • There will be no one source for all full text • Standards will provide the best environment for reference linking • Opportunities for new centralized services

  24. Questions?

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