The Greek Arts

1. The Greek Arts

2. Essential Learning • Art & Architecture - students will understand and recognize the various architectural and artistic achievements of specific ancient civilizations.

3. Literature • This was considered the greatest contribution to western civilization. • Aesop’s Fables • Sophocles – Oedipus (video\song) • Thucydides – Wrote history of the Peloponnesian Wars • Euripides – Tragic playwright (Heracles – Hercules) • Aristophanes – Comedic Playwright • Aristotle

4. Aesop’s Fable • The Ant and the Dove • AN ANT went to the bank of a river to quench its thirst, and being carried away by the rush of the stream, was on the point of drowning. A Dove sitting on a tree overhanging the water plucked a leaf and let it fall into the stream close to her. The Ant climbed onto it and floated in safety to the bank. Shortly afterwards a bird catcher came and stood under the tree, and laid his lime-twigs for the Dove, which sat in the branches. The Ant, perceiving his design, stung him in the foot. In pain the bird catcher threw down the twigs, and the noise made the Dove take wing. • One good turn deserves another

5. The Frogs and the Well • Two Frogs lived together in a marsh. But one hot summer the marsh dried up, and they left it to look for another place to live in: for frogs like damp places if they can get them. By and by they came to a deep well, and one of them looked down into it, and said to the other, "This looks a nice cool place. Let us jump in and settle here." But the other, who had a wiser head on his shoulders, replied, "Not so fast, my friend. Supposing this well dried up like the marsh, how should we get out again?" • "Look before you leap."

6. Architecture • Most buildings were built from marble or limestone. • Most remarkable were the temples. • Roofs were held up with columns. They had to be technically excellent as there was no cement used.

8. Architecture • Made great use of columns and were very symmetrical in design. • The decorated area between the top of the column and the roof is called a frieze.

9. Ionic Style

10. Corinthian

13. Parthenon

15. Secrets of the Parthenon Movie

16. Sculptures • Made from marble and bronze. • Phidias was the most well known. His work is seen in the Acropolis and the British museum.

20. Venus de Milo

21. Paintings • Paintings were more famous than the painter. • Most that remain are on vases.

23. Music • Central to life in Ancient Greece. • Most Greeks could play some musical instrument. • The main ones were: • Lyre (stringed instrument) • Cithara • Aulos

24. Lyre

25. Cithara

26. Aulos

27. Philosophy & Science • 1st to ask: • “What is the world made of?” • “Why is it the way it is?” • Famous philosophers in Greece were called “Sophists”. • People followed and respected the decisions made by the sophists. • Socrates was out to prove them wrong.

28. Socrates

29. Socrates’ Death

30. In 399bc he was put on trial at the age of 70. • Charged with denying the gods, corrupting the young, and trying to overthrow the government. • He was found guilty and forced to drink poisonous hemlock juice. • People later regretted executing him and put up a statue in his honour. • (He left no writings) • All we know of him was left by his students.

31. Plato

32. Plato was Socrates’ most famous student. • He set up a school outside Athens called “Academy” • He taught there for almost 40 years. • The Academy lasted for 900 yrs. After Plato died. • He wrote several books, his main one was “The Republic” was the 1st book written on Political Science. • His other famous one was “The Dialouges” where he discussed Truth and loyalty.

33. Aristotle

34. Aristotle was one of Plato’s students. • He attended the Academy. • He later founded his own school and wrote over 200 books. • He was the first to classify plants and animals. • He founded logic or scientific reasoning (a=b, b=c then a=c) • Ex. • Aristotle is an Athenian • Athenians are Greeks • Therefore Aristotle is a Greek • He taught Julius Caesar.