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Cancer is the 2 nd leading cause of death in the United States

Cancer is the 2 nd leading cause of death in the United States. Cancer is abnormal cell growth. It can occur on the skin, body tissue, bone or blood. Carcinogen - a substance that causes cancer and creates malignant cells . Malignant tumor is a A cancerous tumor.

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Cancer is the 2 nd leading cause of death in the United States

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  1. Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the United States • Cancer is abnormal cell growth. It can occur on the skin, body tissue, bone or blood. • Carcinogen- a substance that causes cancer and creates malignant cells. • Malignant tumor is a A cancerous tumor

  2. General Signs and Symptoms • Unexplained weight loss • When you lose weight for no known reason, it’s called an unexplained weight loss. • An unexplained weight loss of 10 pounds or more may be the first sign of cancer. • This happens most often with cancers of the pancreas, stomach, esophagus (swallowing tube), or lung. • Fever • Fever is very common with cancer. • Almost all patients with cancer will have fever at some time, especially if the cancer or its treatment affects the immune system. (This can make it harder for the body to fight infection.) • Less often, fever may be an early sign of cancer, such as blood cancers like leukemia or lymphoma.

  3. Fatigue • Fatigue is extreme tiredness that does not get better with rest. • It may happen early in cancer, though, in some cancers, like leukemia it’s a chronic symptom. • Pain • Pain may be an early symptom with some cancers like bone cancers or testicular cancer. • A headache that does not go away or get better with treatment may be a symptom of a brain tumor. • Back pain can be a symptom of cancer of the colon, rectum, or ovary. • Skin changes • Many cancers can cause skin changes that can be seen. • Darker looking skin • Yellowish skin and eyes • Reddened skin • Itching • Excessive hair growth

  4. Diagnosis • Screening test Females- self breast exam, pap smear, mammogram & colonoscopy. Males- self testicular exam, doctor prostate exam Colonoscopy. 2. Lab tests • Samples of blood, urine, body tissue or substances in the body are checked for certain features. • Identifies possible changes in a person’s health before any symptoms appear.

  5. Diagnosis Imaging Procedures Pictures of areas inside your body that help the doctor see whether a tumor is present. X-rays: view organs and bones. CT scan: view organs. Ultrasound: views body tissue. MRI: views bone, organ and body tissue. PET scan: Shows chemical activities in the body. Biopsy Removal of tumor tissue. Evaluated in a lab.

  6. Treatment Surgery • Removal of the tumor and tissue around it. • Prevents re growth of tumor. • May remove lymph nodes to help determine stage of cancer.

  7. Treatment Radiation • high-energy radiation used to kill cancer cells by damaging DNA. • Can kill normal cells too. • Is giving in all stages of treatment. • Can be used in combination with chemotherapy.

  8. Treatment Chemotherapy- • Used to destroy cancer cells, stop cancer cells from spreading and slow the growth of cancer cell. • Chemotherapy can be given in these forms: • An IV (intravenously) • A shot (injection) into a muscle or other part of your body • A pill or a liquid that you swallow • A cream that is rubbed on your skin

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