Professional Teachers in Europe

1. Professional Teachers in Europe Modernisation of Europe by Innovating Teacher Training Erasmus Intensive Programme Vilnius, 7-8 July 2010 Pierre-Yves Bernard Centre de recherche en éducation de Nantes (France)

2. 1 The professionalization issue • 1.1 The professional as an expert • Carr-Saunders and Wilson (1933):Sociology of the Professions • Intellectual specialized technique • Prolonged and formalized training • Effective service to the community.

3. 1.2 Demystifying the expert • The professional groups are the result of interactions which aim at the auto-organization, the protection from the competition and the defence of the autonomy (Everett Hughes). • The professional life is a career • The professional groups develop segments • The professional group is a «social world»(Howard Becker, Anselm Strauss)

4. 1.3 The professional as a reflective practitioner • Donald A. Schön (1983): The Reflective Practitioner • “I make the assumption that competent practitioners usually know more than they can say. They exhibit a kind of knowing in practice, most of which is tacit…Indeed practitioners themselves often reveal a capacity for reflection on their intuitive knowing in the midst of action and sometimes use this capacity to cope with the unique, uncertain, and conflicted situations of practice”

6. 1.4 The professional teacher in the evaluatory State • John Elliott (2002), « The Paradox of Educational Reform in the Evaluatory State: Implications for Teacher Education », Prospects vol XXXII, n° 3

7. 2. Discrepancies andconvergences between the Teacher Training and Professionalization patterns in Europe. • 2.1 Discrepancies and convergences • Convergences: the promotion of a model of professionalization • Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament • Discrepancies: path dependency

10. 2.2 The model of educational conventions • “Aix school”, E. Verdier: • Regime and conventions • Academic convention • Vocational convention • Universalist convention • Market convention

11. 2.3 Data on teachers in Europe • The formal education of teachers: • Concurrent model • Consecutive model

13. The status of teachers

16. 3 The EMETT Survey