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English Constitutional Monarchy

English Constitutional Monarchy. The Seesaw of King & Parliament: 1603-1689. Background (1215-1603). Magna Carta, 1215. The Elizabethan “Bargain”. Parliament: Power to tax. Debates and amends bills. The Monarch: Had the royal perogative on foreign policy.

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English Constitutional Monarchy

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  1. EnglishConstitutionalMonarchy

  2. The Seesaw of King & Parliament: 1603-1689

  3. Background (1215-1603)

  4. Magna Carta, 1215 The Elizabethan“Bargain” • Parliament: • Power to tax. • Debates and amends bills. • The Monarch: • Had the royal perogative on foreign policy.

  5. TheEarly Stuarts (1603-1649)

  6. The Stuart Monarchy

  7. James I [r. 1603-1625] • Wanted absolute power. • Quickly alienated Parliament & Puritans. • Problems he faced: • Large royal debt. • He wasn’t English didn’t understand customs & law! • Believed in Divine Right of Kings. • Pro-Catholic sympathies. • Clashed with Parliament • He raised money without Parliament’s consent!

  8. King James Bible, 1611

  9. Charles I [r. 1625-1649] • Pro-ceremonies, rituals and pro-catholic. • Uniformity of church services imposed. Anglican Book of Common Prayer for both England AND Scotland. • Constantly at war with Spain and France and need £! • Parliament denied funds. • Wanted to stop Star Chamber • He agrees to sign Petition of Rights (1628) to get money, but ignores it!!!! • He dissolved Parliament

  10. The “Short” Parliament “Short Parliament” 1640 • Calls Parliament back after 20 yrs. • Rebellion in Scotland • Charles need £ war with France & Scotland • They demanded more civil liberties • Charles dismisses them after 3 weeks. Charles I by Van Dyck (1633)

  11. The “Long” Parliament • In session from 1640 to 1660. • Triennial Act passed  Parliament must be called in session at least once every 3 years and can’t be adjourned without its own consent! • Charles tries to arrest 5 MPs unsuccessful • The Civil War has begun!!!!

  12. The Civil War (1642-1649) What will be the most important lesson that comes out of the civil war?

  13. Civil War (1642-1649) Royalists(Cavaliers) Parliamentarians(Roundheads) • House of Lords • N & W England • Aristocracy • Large landowners • Church officials • More rural • House of Commons • S & E England • Puritans • Merchants • Townspeople • More urban

  14. Playskool Version of the English Civil War Roundheads Cavaliers

  15. Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658] • Officer of the Parliamentary army  the New Model Army. • Led the army that defeated royal forces and now controlled the government. • He wore…a plain cloth-suit, which seemed to have been made by a poor tailor; his shirt was plain, and not very clean; and I remember a speck or two of blood upon his collar…his face was swollen and red, his voice sharp and untunable, and his speech full of passion. [Sir Philip Warwick, a Royalist, 1640]

  16. The English Civil War: 1642-1645

  17. The Battle of Naseby [re-enactment], 1645 • Charles I is defeated and is handed over to Parliament.

  18. The Interim (1649-1660)

  19. The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660] • The Commonwealth (1649-1653) • The Protectorate (1654-1660)

  20. Pride’s Purge, 1648 • Cromwell purges the House of Commons of moderates (anyone not anti-monarchy). • The results is the “Rump” Parliament.

  21. Regicide  Beheading of Charles I, 1649 • The vote by the Rump Parliament was 68-67.

  22. The Puritan Commonwealth [1649-1653] • Cromwell rules with the Rump Parliament. • Constitutional Republic • Created a constitution  Instrument of Government • An executive [Cromwell] • No monarch. • Europe is appalled  other nations don’t recognize it.

  23. Cromwell Dissolves the “Rump” Parliament in 1653

  24. The Protectorate [1653-1660] • Cromwell tears up Constitution. • Dismisses the Rump Parliament. • Declares martial law. • Military dictator. • Religious tolerance, except Catholics. • Crushes a rebellion in Scotland. • Crushes a rebellion among the Catholics of Ireland  kills 40% of all ethnic Irish!

  25. Cromwell—Lord Protector or King?? • England longs for an end to martial law! • Cromwell dies in 1658 and his son, Richard, takes over, but is weak and lasts for only two years.

  26. The Restoration (1660-1688) Parliament could no more exist without the Crown than the Crown without Parliament.This was the most important lesson of the English Civil War!

  27. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] • Had charm, poise, & political skills [unlike his father]. • Restored the entertainement. • Favored religious toleration. • Disbanded the Puritan army and pardoned most rebels. • Act of Uniformity- Clergy must use the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. (1662)

  28. Great London Plague, 1665

  29. Great London Fire, 1666

  30. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] • 1673  Test Act • Allows only Anglicans for government and military positions. • 1670  Treaty of Doversaying he will accept money from France if he converts to Catholicism, when possible • To Charles II, Louis XIV is an ideal ally against the Dutch.

  31. King James II [r. 1685-1688] • Outright Catholic without any of Charles II’s shrewdness or ability to rule and compromise. • Alienated EVERYONE! • Provoked the problems Charles II avoided! • Introduced Catholics into the High Command of military and as personal advisors. • Kept an army outside of London. • Claimed the power to suspend with Acts of Parliament.

  32. The GloriousRevolution 1688

  33. The “Glorious” Revolution: 1688 • Whig & Tory leaders offered the throne jointly to James II’s daughter Mary [raised a Protestant] & her husband, William of Orange. • He was a vigorous enemy of Louis XIV. • He was seen as a champion of the Protestant cause.

  34. English Bill of Rights [1689] • Settled issues between King & Parliament • Model for the U. S. Bill of Rights • Formed a base for increasing civil liberties in the 18c and early 19c in England. • Main provisions: • The King could not suspend the laws. • The King could not interfere with justice. • No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent. • Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently. • The monarch must be a Protestant. • Religious toleration. • Prime Minister Positions are created (Walpole)

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