Becoming a Historian How do I find stuff? The Research Journey

1. Becoming a Historian How do I find stuff? The Research Journey

2. When you do your research: • use a wide variety of sources • use secondary sourcesto find the context (who, what, when, where, etc.) • understand and use appropriately primary sources(original, first-hand) to develop your own ideas (the “why?”) • reflect a balance of various viewpoints and perspectives (Ex: how did the COLONIZERS react and how did the COLONIZED react)

3. Each step in your journey calls for different sources • #1: General Secondary Sources • Encyclopedia/Wikipedia • Textbook • #2 Specific Secondary Sources • General history books on topic • Magazine articles #3 Primary Sources Specialized, narrow -focused books and journals by experts, historians. Primary sources - from special collections, interviews with experts, participants, witnesses. WHERE YOU MAKE HISTORY!

4. Secondary SourcesMaterials that make an argument or offer interpretation built upon primary sources. Where do we begin???

5. INTERNET WARNINGNot all internet sources are equal • Google, Yahoo, Ask.com are search engines, NOT sources. Just the way that a LIBRARY is not a source, but a place that has sources!

6. Wikipedia • ORIGIN – Is Wikipedia a primary or secondary source? Who writes these articles? When were these articles written? • PURPOSE – Why does Wikipedia or any encyclopedia exist? What is the purpose of this type of source? • VALUE – Why is Wikipedia a helpful source? What do encyclopedias provide as part of the research process? • LIMITATIONS – Why is it not the most valid source? Why are encyclopedias limited resources?

7. ALWAYS START BOOKS or ARTICLES • In encyclopedia & general reference books • In textbooks • By historians on a narrow subject • By historians that summarizes or synthesizes others’ works • By writers summarizing historians

8. What do I do with all of the sources I’ve collected?!? Note-Taking

9. Gathering & Recording Information • Summarizing • Quoting • Paraphrasing These are the three most common types of note-taking! When you find an important piece of information in one of your sources, decide if you should quote, paraphrase or summarize it in your notebook. No matter which approach you choose, you must cite your sources in your bibliography!

10. What’s the DIFFERENCE? QUOTING • When the author has phrased something particularly well or when the words express a meaning as no other words could. • Most of the time, putting another's ideas into your own words. (To avoid plagiarizing, you must change both the sentence structure and the words of the original text.) • To record in your own words the essence of a passage without examples and explanations. These notes are usually for less important or repetitive information. Paraphrasing SUMMARIZE

11. Secondary Source: Textbook You will use the Index at the back of the textbook to look up your colonized country! Turn to the back of your textbook and let’s all look up the colonized country of: Kenya

12. Secondary Source: Textbook • Kenya: 726-727, 820, 908, 911-912, 917 • Now I have to read all these pages to see if any of the information is worth recording in my notebook! • Do these pages discuss: • Kenya being taken over and why (motives), • How Kenya was taken over (motivations), • Experiences: how did the Kenyans react to the British take-over? Turn to pgs. 726-727!!!

13. NOTES = Facts & Key Information: Important Dates, Events, and People (recorded in the form of a summary, paraphrase or quotation) Page # (for paraphrase or quotations only!) World Studies Notebook Begin, by creating this “Notes Log” in your notebook: Colonizer Country: Great Britain Colonized Country: Kenya

14. Pgs. 726-727 • Now we begin reading our research materials (textbook) to figure out what notes to record! • Read “Setting the Scene” and decide if we should record any notes on our log.

15. NOTES = Facts & Key Information: Important Dates, Events, and People (recorded in the form of a summary, paraphrase or quotation) Page # (for paraphrase or quotations only!) World Studies Notebook Kikuyu people – treated like 2nd hand citizens This is summary info.

16. NOTES = Facts & Key Information: Important Dates, Events, and People (recorded in the form of a summary, paraphrase or quotation) Page # (for paraphrase or quotations only!) World Studies Notebook Kikuyu people – treated like 2nd hand citizens Early 1900s: type of rule = colony Record anything that you read from your Ch. 25, Sec. 1 Cornell Notes!!!

17. NOTES = Facts & Key Information: Important Dates, Events, and People (recorded in the form of a summary, paraphrase or quotation) Page # (for paraphrase or quotations only!) World Studies Notebook Kikuyu people – treated like 2nd hand citizens Early 1900s: type of rule = colony British colonists pushed Kenyans off the best land; a few managed to keep their land yet were not allowed to grow products that would make them money such as coffee and sisal. Pg. 726 Paraphrasing must cite the page #

18. NOTES = Facts & Key Information: Important Dates, Events, and People (recorded in the form of a summary, paraphrase or quotation) Page # (for paraphrase or quotations only!) World Studies Notebook Kikuyu people – treated like 2nd hand citizens Quoting must cite the page # Early 1900s: type of rule = colony British colonists pushed Kenyans off the best land; a few managed to keep their land yet were not allowed to grow products that would make them money such as coffee and sisal. Pg. 726 “Many western-educated African criticized the injustice of imperial rule…Inspired by President Woodrow Wilson’s call for self-determination, they condemned the system that excluded Africans from political control of their own lands.” Pg. 726

19. Secondary Source: Textbook Kenya: 726-727, 820, 908, 911-912, 917 ** I’m finished with the notes from pgs. 726-727, now let’s all turn to pg. 820. Pg. 820 – as we read, it doesn’t provide any info. about Kenya during this time of imperialism so I don’t record notes from that page! Then I move on to pg. 908, etc

20. BIG TIP THE BEST SECONDARY SOURCES CAN LEAD TO: • OTHER KEY SECONDARY SOURCES • WHERE TO FIND PRIMARY SOURCES • AND WILL OFTEN CONTAIN PRIMARY SOURCES YOU CAN USE! (are there any maps, charts, cartoons from those pages in the textbook that we can use??)

21. Secondary Source: Textbook Those initial pages jump started my research, now: 1. You may also look up in your textbook index the nation that established the colonies to see if there are any pages about their perspective (Ex: Great Britain) 2. Use the “key words” from your research to look up: people involved in the struggle for independence, dates, places, and any other related topics. (Ex: Kikuyu)

22. Bibliography: Textbook Now that I took all these great notes, I have to ensure I give credit for my research: Basic book entry: Author. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Guillermo, Kathy Snow. Monkey Business. Washington, DC: National Press Books, 1993. Open your textbook to the inside of the first page and let’s try to find all 5 required parts!

23. NOTES = Facts & Key Information: Important Dates, Events, and People (recorded in the form of a summary, paraphrase or quotation) Source Bibliography Entry Page # (for paraphrase or quotations only!) Colonizer Country: Great Britain Colonized Country: Kenya Ellis, Elizabeth and Anthony Esler. World H…... Is this a primary or secondary source? __________________________

24. Questions????