3.04 Functions and disorders of the ear

1. 3.04 Functions and disorders of the ear 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

2. 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system • Essential Questions • What are the functions of the sensory system? • What are some disorders of the sensory system? • How are sensory system disorders treated? • How do you relate the body’s communication to the sensory system? 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

3. Understanding the functions of the ear: Hearing 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

4. Understanding the functions of the ear External ear • Pinna-collects sound waves • External auditory canal • Contains cerumen-ear wax that protects the ear • Tympanic membrane-transmits soundwaves to the ossicles 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

5. Understanding the functions of the ear *Middle ear *Ossicles-3 tiny bones malleus, incus and stapes that transmit sound waves from the ear drum to the inner ear. Eustachian tube-equilizes air pressure in the middle ear. 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

6. Understanding the functions of the ear Inner ear Cochlea-contains the organ of Corti that transmits vibrations to the hearing center of the brain. Semicircular canals-contain a liquid that sends messages to cerebellum to maintain balance/equilibrium. 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

7. Understanding the functions of the ear Pathway of hearing Sound waves---pinna---auditory canal---typmanic membrane---ossicles---stimulate cochlea---cochlea nerve---temporal lobe for interpretation What are decibels? The measurement of sound 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

8. Understanding the functions of the ear What is occurring at each structure? Review the pathway of hearing 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

9. Healthy Hearing How do you protect your hearing? What is the relevance to healthy hearing? 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

10. Understanding the functions of the ear Short bit of sound or clip from a longer recording. Sound Activity What is a sound byte? 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

11. Disorders of the ear Otoscope-lighted instrument to view the ear Otolaryngologist-specialist of the ear and throat 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

12. Disorders of the ear What instruments are used to examine the ear? What specialist studies the ears, nose, and throat? 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

13. Disorders of the earExternal otitis-inflammation of the ear canal Discuss what you see in this picture? (Besides a Q-tip!) What causes external otitis? Bacterial infection due to excessive water exposure, use of q-tips How can it be prevented? Proper ear care, avoid water 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

14. Disorders of the ear Normal tympanic membrane Otitis media Myringotomy *Otitis media-infection of the middle ear Who is most at risk of having otitis media? *Most common in children due to a short eustachian tube; often a complication of the common cold *Symptoms: earache, pain, fever, drainage of fluid from the ear What are the treatment options? Antibiotics, myringotomy (an opening put in the tympanic membrane), tubes in the ear

15. Disorders of the ear Otosclerosis-inherited disorder; the stapes bone becomes spongy then hardens • What is it? • Oto- sclerosis • Why is a stapedectomy useful in treating otosclerosis? Hearing is re-routed 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

16. Disorders of the ear Meniere’s disease-the semicircular canals of the inner ear are affected and vertigo (dizziness) occurs What are the symptoms of Meniere’s disease? Vertigo, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus (ringing in the ears) What causes these symptoms? How is it treated? Bedrest, medication, avoid salt, caffeine, nicotine, eat a balanced diet, plenty of H2O

17. Disorders of the ear *Tinnitus-ringing in the ears • What is tinnitus? Explain this statement: Tinnitus is a symptom, not a disorder. *May be caused by impacted wax, otitis media, otosclerosis, blockage of blood supply to the cochlea, loud noises 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

18. Disorders of the ear Presbycusis What is presbycusis? Deafness due to aging Who is most likely to develop presbycusis? 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

19. Disorders of the ear What is the difference between conductive hearing loss and sensory hearing loss? How can they be treated? *Conductive hearing loss is due to wax or fluid build up that blocks sound to the inner ear. Sensory hearing loss is caused by damage to parts of the inner ear or auditory nerve. 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 19

20. Testing for hearing loss Rinne test Weber test Compare these two tests. How are they diagnostic? 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

21. 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system • Essential Questions • What are the functions of the sensory system? • What are some disorders of the sensory system? • How are sensory system disorders treated? • How do you relate the body’s communication to the sensory system? 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

22. 3.04 Functions and disorders of the ear The End 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system