1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

2. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system • What are the characteristics of muscles? • What are the functions of the muscular system? • What are common disorders of the muscular system? • How are muscular disorders treated? • How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

3. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

4. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

5. Characteristics of Muscles • Contractibility- ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between the parts of its contents or the space it surrounds. • Excitability (IRRITABILTY)- the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses. • Extensibility- the ability to be stretched. • Elasticity- ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing.

6. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

7. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Myoneural stimulation + contraction of muscle proteins = movement and heat 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

8. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Neurotransmitter at site of muscle stimulus. The sodium-potassium pump of the membrane of a muscle cell. The purpose of this slide is to illustrate the complexity of the process of movement. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

9. Characteristics of Muscles Excitability 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

10. Characteristics of Muscles Extensibility 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

11. Characteristics of Muscles Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

12. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

13. Muscle Tone Discuss muscle tone. • Atrophy: a- ________ -trophy ________ • Hypertrophy: hyper- _______ -trophy ________ 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

14. Muscle Tone John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1” smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle. • What happened? • How do you explain this to him? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

15. Muscle ToneExercise & Training What are the advantages of exercise? Are there any disadvantages of exercise? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

16. Muscle Fatigue Discuss muscle fatigue: • What causes muscle fatigue? • How does the body correct muscle fatigue? • Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not? • Discuss aerobic and anaerobic exercise. • Give examples of each. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

17. Muscle Fatigue • Muscles need fuel in the form of nutrients and oxygen in order to survive and function. • Glycogen stored in muscle- converted to glucose-converted to ATP which powers the muscle. When glycogen isn’t available glycogen is converted to ATP and a byproduct – lactic acid builds up in muscle causing fatigue. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

18. Muscle fatigue • Can lead to dehydration and body injury such as strains or sprains • Aerobic exercise-any activity that uses large muscle groups such as running, dancing, swimming used to increase endurance • Anaerobic exercise- relies on blood sugar instead of oxygen- ex. weightlifting 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

19. Movement:Skeletal Muscle • Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement. • The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

20. Movement Discuss the mechanism of skeletal muscle movement to include: Point of origin Point of insertion Identify the: Prime mover Antagonist Synergists 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

21. Movement • Prime mover-muscle responsible for producing a particular movement • Antagonists. antagonist - a muscle that relaxes while another contracts; "when bending the elbow the triceps are the antagonist" 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

22. Muscle movement • The Synergist muscles are the other muscles used when focusing on a target muscle. For instance...push ups are targeting the pecs, but at the same time you are working your triceps. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

23. Movement:Digestive System The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

24. Movement:Circulatory SystemHeartbeat The nervous system and hormones regulate the speed at which the heart beats. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

25. Posture • How does the muscular system effect posture? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

26. Body Heat What is the body’s response to cold? Why? How is this response helpful? How does the body respond to exercise? Why? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

27. Body Human- Pushing the limits- strength 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

28. Myopathy Myo-Muscle -pathy- disease 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

29. Fibromyalgia Discuss the pictures and how they relate to fibromyalgia. Cause Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

30. Fibromyalgia • Cause- unknown but may be neurological • Symptoms- chronic pain, fatigue, depression, sleep disorders • Diagnosis- location of pain confined to “ tender points” • Treatment- treat symptoms- exercise, pain relievers, antidepressants 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

31. Hernia Discuss hernias. Causes Locations Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

32. Hernia • Causes-tears in muscles • Locations- abdomen , inguinal area • Symptoms- protrusion of an organ through a muscle wall • Diagnosis – patient history / exam/ x-ray • Treatment- reduction/ binding/ surgery • Prognosis- can reoccur with strain on muscle 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

33. Muscle Spasms(Involuntary hypertonicity) Discuss muscle spasms. Causes Locations Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

34. Muscle spasms • Causes- sudden, severe involuntary muscle contraction from prolonged physical activity, dehydration, menstruation • Symptoms- cramping of muscles- often calf muscle • Diagnosis- history, exam, sometimes blood work to check electrolytes • Treatment- rest, passive stretching, dietary electrolyte replacement- like gatorade • Prognosis- good, may reoccur 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

35. Muscular Dystrophy • Discuss the picture and how it relates to muscular dystrophy. Cause Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

36. Muscular Dystrophy • Cause- genetic defect in muscle protein causes disintegration of muscle fibers • Symptoms- muscle weakness in early stage- progressive muscle weakness including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. • Diagnosis- PE, genetic test, electromyogram(EMG)muscle biopsy • Treatment- No real treatment, fatal in adolescence or young adulthood. Manage symptoms, palliative care. Some experimental treatments in development • Prognosis- depends on progression of muscle weakness 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

37. Myasthenia Gravis Discuss the picture and how it relates to myasthenia gravis. Cause Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

38. Myasthemia Gravis • Causes- autoimmune attack at neuromuscular junction • Symptoms- progressive flucuating muscle weakness, often starts with eye and facial muscles • Diagnosis- blood tests, EMG • Treatment- medications • Prognosis- good with proper treatment 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

39. Strain • What happened here? • What symptoms is this man having? Why? • How will he treat them? • What is his prognosis? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

40. Strains • Acute injury that may include pain, stiffness, bruising, weakness, loss of function • Diagnosis made from exams, X-ray • Treatment- RICE- rest, ice, compress, elevate , pain meds.. Heat, PT, Surgery 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

41. Tendonitis Discuss the pictures and how they relate to tendonitis. Cause- overuse Symptoms-pain Diagnosis- x-ray Treatment-RICE Meds, Prognosis-good 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

42. Tetanus Discuss the picture and how it relates to tetanus. Cause-Bacterial infection Symptoms- progressive muscle spasms, paralysis, pain esp. in jaw Diagnosis-PE, labs, History of wound Treatment-treat wound, Tetanus shot, ventilator, pain managment Prognosis- good with Proper treatment 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

43. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system • What are the characteristics of muscles? • What are the functions of the muscular system? • What are common disorders of the muscular system? • How are muscular disorders treated? • How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system