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Australia in the 20th century. The Commonwealth of Australia. In 1901, the six colonies of Australia adopted a federal constitution and became a self-governing dominion of the British Empire. White Australia Policy World WarⅠ Australian-New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) ANZAC Day (April 25)
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The Commonwealth of Australia • In 1901, the six colonies of Australia adopted a federal constitution and became a self-governing dominion of the British Empire.
White Australia Policy • World WarⅠ • Australian-New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) • ANZAC Day (April 25) • The war brought benefits to its economy.
Economic development plan in the 1920s • “men, money and markets” • Men—immigrants • Money—capital borrowed from the British government • Markets—imperial preference (mutual preference for trade between Britain and the dominions.)
The Great Depression in the 1930s • Main causes • External—the collapse of wool and wheat prices and the cessation of loans • Internal—an existing recession and drought
World WarⅡ • With the beginning of the Pacific War, Australia developed a foreign policy independent of Britain for the first time. • Australian servicemen made significant contributions to the Allied victory in Europe and Asia-Pacific region.
After the World WarⅡ • Australia entered a boom period. • An employment rate of almost 100% and a high standard of living. • The movement to gain recognition of Aboriginal rights and a campaign against the White Australian Policy began in the 1960s.
Consolidation of national security • In 1951, Australia took the historic step of signing its first treaty with foreign nations. • ANZUS Treaty: mutual defense and support in case of war.
1980s—21st Century • Economic reforms • Maintain the form of Australian government • Anti-terrorism • Highly developed economy and diverse culture
Melbourne the Olympic Games in 1956