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PARAID: The Gear-Shifting Power-Aware RAID

PARAID: The Gear-Shifting Power-Aware RAID. Charles Weddle, Mathew Oldham, An-I Andy Wang – Florida State University RuGang Xu, Peter Reiher – University of California, Los Angeles Geoff Kuenning – Harvey Mudd College. Motivation. Energy costs are rising An increasing concern for servers

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PARAID: The Gear-Shifting Power-Aware RAID

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  1. PARAID:The Gear-ShiftingPower-Aware RAID Charles Weddle, Mathew Oldham, An-I Andy Wang – Florida State University RuGang Xu, Peter Reiher – University of California, Los Angeles Geoff Kuenning – Harvey Mudd College

  2. Motivation • Energy costs are rising • An increasing concern for servers • No longer limited to laptops • Energy consumption of disk drives • 24% of the power usage in web servers • 77% of the power usage in proxy servers • 27% of operating costs for data centers The Power Aware RAID – www.cs.fsu.edu/~weddle/paraid/

  3. Challenges • Energy • Not enough opportunities to spin down RAIDs • Performance • Essential for peak loads • Reliability • Server-class drives are not designed for frequent power switching The Power Aware RAID – www.cs.fsu.edu/~weddle/paraid/

  4. Power-Aware RAID • Observations • RAIDs are configured for peak performance • Uniform striping keeps all drives spinning for light loads • Over-provision of storage capacity • Unused storage can be traded for energy savings • Cyclic fluctuation of loads • Infrequent on-off power transitions can be effective The Power Aware RAID – www.cs.fsu.edu/~weddle/paraid/

  5. Skewed Striping for Energy Saving • Use over-provisioned spare storage • Can use fewer drives for light loads disk 1 disk 2 disk 3 disk 4 Soft-State Block Replication RAID-5 Layout gear 1 gear 2 gear 3 The Power Aware RAID – www.cs.fsu.edu/~weddle/paraid/

  6. Preserving Peak Performance • Based on RAID-5 • All drives on for peak loads • Full parallelism • Fewer drives on for light loads • Lower latency for small files • Degraded throughput for large files The Power Aware RAID – www.cs.fsu.edu/~weddle/paraid/

  7. Reliability • Drives have a limited number of power cycles • Form bi-modal distribution of busy/idle drives • Rotate drives with more power cycles • Ration number of power cycles • Distributed parity (RAID-5) • Tolerate single-disk failures The Power Aware RAID – www.cs.fsu.edu/~weddle/paraid/

  8. PARAID-0 Webserver Tests The Power Aware RAID – www.cs.fsu.edu/~weddle/paraid/

  9. WIP & Conclusion • Moving from PARAID-0 to PARAID-5 • Exploring different server loads • Energy efficiency and performance can be achieved simultaneously • PARAID-0 with “2 gears” has already shown a 15% reduction in power with < 1% performance loss The Power Aware RAID – www.cs.fsu.edu/~weddle/paraid/

  10. Questions PARAID: The Gear-Shifting Power-Aware RAID • For More Information • www.cs.fsu.edu/~weddle/paraid/ • Contact • Charles Weddle – weddle@cs.fsu.edu The Power Aware RAID – www.cs.fsu.edu/~weddle/paraid/

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