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4.2 Organelles

4.2 Organelles. Cell Boundaries. Plasma (Cell) Membrane Function: Surrounds cell Allows specific things things in and out (homeostasis) Fact: Selectively permeable – allows water and nutrients to in, waste out Made of phospholipids Found in: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes.

cameron-kennedy
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4.2 Organelles

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  1. 4.2 Organelles

  2. Cell Boundaries • Plasma (Cell) Membrane • Function: • Surrounds cell • Allows specific things things in and out (homeostasis) • Fact: • Selectively permeable – allows water and nutrients to in, waste out • Made of phospholipids • Found in: • Prokaryotes • Eukaryotes

  3. Cell Boundaries • Cell Wall • Function: • Surrounds cell membrane to provide extra support and protection • Fact: • Made of cellulose in plants • Found in: • Prokaryotes • Eukaryotes (plants) 2. Cell wall 1. Cell membrane

  4. Nucleus Cell control • Nucleus • Function: • Controls the organelles • Contains DNA – gives instructions for making proteins • Fact: • “Command center” or “brain” of the cell • Most prominent structure • Found in: • Eukaryotes Nucleus

  5. Cell control • Chromatin • Function: • Condense to form chromosomes in nucleus • Fact: • Strands of DNA that look like spaghetti • Found in: • Eukaryotes

  6. Nucleolus Cell control • Nucleolus • Function: • Makes ribosomes • Fact: • Found inside the nucleus • Found in: • Eukaryotes Nucleolus

  7. Cell control • Ribosomes • Function: • Makes proteins • Fact: • Made of RNA • Can be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER • Found in: • Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes Ribosomes

  8. Cell control • Nuclear Envelope/Membrane • Function: • Controls what enters/exits the nucleus • Fact: • Surrounds the nucleus • Found in: • Eukaryotes

  9. Cell Control • Centrioles • Function: • Involved in cell reproduction • Fact: • Made from microtubules • 2 are paired at right angles • Found in: • Eukaryotes (animal cells)

  10. Cell Assembly • Cytoplasm • Function: • Suspends/holds organelles • Site of chemical reactions • Fact: • Contains clear gel-like fluid called cytosol • Found in: • Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes

  11. Cell Assembly • Round Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Function: • Produces proteins • Fact: • Helps move molecules throughout the cell • Found in: • Eukaryotes

  12. Cell Assembly • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Function: • Produces lipids (steroids) • Detoxifies poisons • Fact: • Helps move molecules throughout the cell • Found in: • Eukaryotes

  13. Cell Assembly • Golgi Apparatus • Function: • Processes, packs, and secretes proteins and lipids • Fact: • Works closely with ER • Flattened stack of membranes • Found in: • Eukaryotes Golgi

  14. Cell Assembly Vacuole • Vacuole • Function: • Stores food, water, waste, proteins, carbs • Fact: • Helps maintain homeostasis • Found in: • Eukaryotes (plants have a LARGE vacuole)

  15. Cell Assembly • Lysosomes • Function: • Uses enzymes to digest old organelles and foreign objects (bacteria, viruses) • Fact: • “Suicide sacs” • Found in: • Eukaryotes Lysosome

  16. Cell Assembly • Ever wonder how a tadpole gets rid of its tail and grows legs???? • It’s lysosomes digest the cells in the tail, and these molecules are released to build different cells, like legs!

  17. Energy Transformers • Chloroplast • Function: • Capture light and convert it to chemical energy during photosynthesis • Fact: • Glucose (sugar) is made • Found in: • Eukaryotes (plants) Chloroplast

  18. Energy Transformers • Mitochondria • Function: • Breaks down food into ATP energy during cellular respiration • Fact: • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Found in: • Eukaryotes Mitochondria

  19. Support & Locomotion • Cytoskeleton • Function: • Maintains the shape & supports the cell • Fact: • Made of microfilaments & microtubules • Found throughout the cytoplasm • Found in: • Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes

  20. Microtubules

  21. Support & Locomotion • Cilia • Function: • Movement of cells or fluids • Fact: • Short hair-like fibers • Found in: • Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes

  22. Cilia Support & Locomotion • Flagella • Function: • Movement of cells • Fact: • Long hair-like fibers • Found in: • Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes Flagella http://www.youtube.com/user/ecrouch7#p/a/f/0/1IqsE8CVTms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rABKB5aS2Zg&feature=related

  23. Levels of Organization • Organelles  CellsTissuesOrgansOrgansystemsOrganisms

  24. Animal Cells Plant Cells Animal & Plant Comparison • Have centrioles • No chloroplasts • No cell walls • Do not have centrioles • Have chloroplasts • Have cell walls

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