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DIDI JUARDI, M.Kom

DIDI JUARDI, M.Kom. Computer System. People Software Hardware. People. Computer programmer – person who writes programs Users or End-users – make use of the computer’s capabilities. Software. Programs

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DIDI JUARDI, M.Kom

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  1. DIDI JUARDI, M.Kom

  2. Computer System People Software Hardware

  3. People • Computer programmer – person who writes programs • Users or End-users – make use of the computer’s capabilities

  4. Software • Programs • Set of instructions that directs the hardware to do a required task and produce the desired results

  5. Hardware:Basic Components of a Computer

  6. Computer Components 1. Input Devices - examples: keyboard and the mouse - data entered on the keyboard and temporarily stored in the computer’s memory and displayed on the monitor 2. System Unit - contains the electronic circuits that cause the processing of data to occur - consists of central processing unit, memory, (RAM and ROM) and other electronic components - CPU has a control unit and arithmetic/logic unit - RAM temporarily stores data and program instructions when they are processed

  7. Computer Components – cont. • 4. Output Devices • - most commonly used output devices are monitor and • printer • - Monitor :commonly as CRT or Flat Panel Display • - Printer: Dot-Matrix, Ink-Jet etc. • 5. Secondary Storage Devices • - also known as auxiliary storage devices • - stores instructions and data when they are not being • used by the system unit • - Examples : floppy disk and hard disk drive

  8. How a Computer System Works Storage Information Data Input Output Process

  9. How a Computer System Works – cont. • Software • - The instructions needed to direct the computer to complete specific tasks. • The CPU follows the step-by-step instructions in a program to complete the tasks from user. • Operating system is the system software that controls the basic, low-level hardware operations and file management.

  10. Computer Configuration and Classification • Microcomputers • Also known as personal computers • Physical sizes : palmtop, desktop and tower case • Cheaper and smaller in size • Minicomputer • Also known as departmental computers • Physical sizes : small to large cabinets • Support business application

  11. Computer Configuration and Classification – cont. • Mainframe • Large computers with the capability to process data at millions of instructions per second. • Physical size : partial to full room of equipment • Supercomputer • Most powerful and expensive computers • Vast quantities of data manipulation • Physical size : full room of equipment • - No. of users : hundreds of users

  12. Central Processing Unit (CPU) • It is the heart of the computer, that is the microprocessor chip. • A highly complex, extensive set of electronic circuitry that executes stored program instructions. • - CPU perform three main tasks :- • Perform arithmetic operations • Perform logic operations • Retrieval and storage of data

  13. CPU – cont. - CPU consists of two main units :- 1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - arithmetic operations e.g. +, -, x, / - logic operations e.g. >, >=, ==, <, <= 2. Control unit - fetches instructions from memory - decode/translate instructions - executes the processing tasks - stores result in memory Four Tasks

  14. CPU – cont. What happens in a CPU? I-Time E-Time • - ALU executes • arithmetic/logic • instruction • ALU stores results into • memory • CU fetches instructions • from memory • CU decodes/translates • instructions, directs • necessary data to ALU

  15. CPU – cont. Memory - also known as primary storage, primary memory, main storage, internal storage, and main memory - Consists of RAM and ROM 1. RAM (Random Access Memory) - volatile; means the data exists only when power is ON - two types of RAM, dynamic and static 2. ROM (Read Only Memory) - non-volatile; means data permanently stored in and cannot be changed

  16. Function of Computer System Data handling I Input P Process O Output S Storage

  17. Processing: Batch vs. Interactive • 2 types of information processing • Batch processing • Interactive processing : Real time

  18. Input devices • Accept data or commands and convert them to electronic form • Getting data into the computer • Typing on a keyboard • Pointing with a mouse • Scanning with a wand reader or bar-code reader • Terminal

  19. Monitor or screen Text Numbers Symbols Art Photographs Video Printer Black and white Color Output devices • Convert from electronic form to some other form • May display the processed results • Usable information

  20. Input and Output Devices • Input devices - Common type of devices used are the keyboard and the mouse - Standard type of keyboard is the QWERTY which has 86 keys (basic) and 101-102 keys (enhanced). - Mouse is a pointing device for effective use of computer interface. Trackball and touch pad are also considered as pointing devices.

  21. Input and Output Devices – cont. • Digitizer • A pad with a pen-like stylus. • The tablet sends electronic signals to the computer, displaying the image drawn.

  22. Input and Output Devices – cont. Input devices– cont. Source data automation the use of special equipment to collect data at the source and send it directly to the computer. OCR MICR Images Hand Written Bar code

  23. Input and Output Devices – cont. 2.Output devices - most common devices are monitor displays and printers - Two types of display; flat panel displayand CRT display(Cathode Ray Tube) - Two categories of printers; impactand non-impact printers

  24. Input and Output Devices – cont. Displays 1. Flat Panel - commonly used in laptop, notebook - examples of flat panel; LCD, Gas Plasma 2. CRT - produce best images for computers - two types of display; monochrome and color - monochrome; displays one color (green or amber) - color; four types:

  25. Input and Output Devices – cont. Displays – cont.

  26. Input and Output Devices – cont. Printers • Two types of printers (according to printing methods) • Impact printers • use a physical contact with the paper to produce an image • e.g. dot matrix printer and line printer • Non-impact printers • Place images on a paper without physically touching it • -e.g. thermal, inkjet, laser printer

  27. Can you think of any other input/output devices?

  28. The Processor Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Converts data to useful information • Interpret and execute instructions • Communicate with input, output and storage

  29. Two Types of Storage • Secondary storage long-term storage • Primary storage or memory temporary storage

  30. Memory / Primary Storage • Temporary storage • Holds input to be processed • Holds results of processing • Contains the programs to control the computer and manipulate input into output • Volatile

  31. Secondary Storage • Long-term storage • Non-volatile

  32. Secondary Storage Examples • Magnetic disks – read and written by magnetic disk drive • Hard disk • Diskette • Optical disks – read and written by optical disk drives • CD-ROM • DVD-ROM • Magnetic tape – read and written by magnetic tape drives • Primarily used for back-up

  33. Magnetic Disk

  34. Secondary Storage • It is needed because • Main memory stores data temporarily • Main memory space is limited • Benefits of secondary storage • Space • Reliability • Convenience • Economic

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