Prejudice and Persecution

1. Prejudice and Persecution Why do some groups get treated differently to others?

2. Learning Objective and Skills • To recap on full course PRE and know the causes of prejudice and recap on the prejudice and persecution • Literacy • Resourcefulness • Resilience • Relationships • Reasoning • Reflectiveness • Numeracy

4. Tribalism Fear of outsiders Group identity Propaganda Scapegoats Family and peers Education Nationalism Ignorance Role of socialisation Stereotypes Systematic persecution Equal opportunities legislation Media Discrimination Genocide Prejudice Negotiation Persecution Intolerance Sanctions Arbitration Violence Gender International action Affirmative action Sexuality Employment Reconciliation Campaigns Age Race Force Education Disability Case Study: Preventing homophobia in schools Case Study: Nazi Germany 1930s Case Study: Rwanda 1994 Religion Institutional discrimination Causes Causes Effects Effects

5. Startermatch the key words with the definitions

6. Aqa Humanities prejudice and persecution key words Apartheid The policy of the South African government from 1948 to 1990, which said that different racial groups should live seperately; and have their own services and facilities (such as housing, education, health care, transport and leisure facilities). Discrimination Treating an individual or group differently from the rest of the group or population. An example of discrimination is a particular ethnic group being stopped and searched by the police much more often than other groups. Economic Conditions The national wealth and material success of a society or country. This can refer to levels of employment, average wages, access to resources and level of international trade. Fundamentalist A word describing religious beliefs which treat the words of the sacred texts (for example, the Bible and the Qur'an) as being literally true. Genocide Wiping out a group completely, by deliberate killing or removing vital resources (food, water and medical care) so it cannot survive. Colonisation Where one country takes control of the governments, economics and legal systems of other territories/countries in the world in order to extend its own power. Inferior; Less good than others. Institutional Racism Racial discrimination which takes place unconsciously, in state and commercial organisations (for example, education system, police forces, work places), as a result of widely held stereotypes among their members. Intolerance Not accepting or respecting different opinions, behaviour or people. Nationalism The belief that your country and culture are superior to others. This belief can lead to the idea that other cultures and ethnic groups are inferior and should be kept apart Persecution Victimising and mistreating a group or individual persistently over time. It can take many forms: verbal abuse, physical abuse, denial of rights, exclusion from certain places, torture, death and genocide.

7. Political Ideology A set of beliefs and values held by a political party. For example, the Nazi Party believed that the Germans were the Aryan race which was superior to all other races in the world. Therefore they believed that the German people should dominate the world. Prejudice An attitude or opinion about an individual or a group which is formed without having all the facts. Prejudice means to pre-judge someone. A prejudice is usually negative (though it can be positive, for instance, believing that all celebrities are people to be admired). Prejudices often influence the way people behave towards other people. Racism Prejudice based on the myth that race is the main factor determining human personalities and abilities. Racism includes the belief that one race is superior or inferior to another Scapegoating The blaming of an individual or a group for some problem which has nothing to do with them. A scapegoat is an individual or group who is wrongly blamed for something. Segregation Organising a community so that certain groups are separated. They live, work, go to school, shop and eat in separate places, and the intention is that the group do not meet on a social level. Stereotype A simple generalised belief about a type of person or a group of people which does not take into account individual differences. Stereotyping Believing that everyone in a particular social or cultural group is the same, and has the same attitudes, ablities and characteristics. Superior Better than others. Systematic Discrimination Discrimination that is the result of deliberate intention, for example, to undermine, attack or even destroy a specific group. Systematic Persecution The deliberate and organised harassment and murder of people. Violence An act of aggression which is intended to cause pain. Campaign A series of co-ordinated actions which work towards particular objectives. Tribalism The existence of people who share a story or group identity. Imperialism The act of creating an empire by invading other countries. Propaganda Information which is used to influence others’ opinion

8. What are the causes of prejudice? For each cause say how it is a cause and give an example. State what the relationship between prejudice, discrimination and persecution

9. What are the different types of prejudice and give examples for each

10. Slide One What is happening? Who? Where? When? Why?

11. Apartheid in South Africa Until 1948 black and white people in South Africa were able to live peacefully and mingle in mixed race neighbourhoods. But in 1948 the government decided that people were not allowed to mix. People were segregated to different areas, mixed-race married couples were forced to live apart and their children were judged by the colour of their skin to decide which parent they lived with. Even though South Africa is a predominantly Black African country, it was the white immigrants who ran the country, took the best housing and had more places to socialise. There were set times and days for races to mix and these were not very often.

12. Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela spoke out against the apartheid and was thrown in prison in 1989. He was released in 1994 when it was decided that the races in South Africa should share power and the race laws should be abolished. Prejudice: white people are better than blacks and should run the country. Black people can’t do academic or challenging jobs because they are black. Mixed race children should not be allowed. Discrimination: segregating white and black, banning black African people from public places in their own country, moving people of different races to separate areas, splitting up mixed-race families.

13. Slide Two What is happening? Who? Where? When? Why?

14. Why? American Civil Rights Movement In the 1950’s and 1960’s Black Americans did not have the same rights as White Americans. They had special seats on the bus, were not allowed in certain public places, had no right to vote and were not protected by the law as well as White people were. In 1955 a black woman called Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man. This started the Montgomery Bus Boycotts which saw the bus company finally back down on its segregation policy. The Black Civil Rights Movement fought racial discrimination through until they were awarded the vote in 1965. Today there are still many groups in America that fight racism, but racism is now against the law.

15. Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Rosa Parks became an icon for the Black Civil Rights movement after being arrested for refusing to give up her seat. She was supported and became a key figure for the arguments of Martin Luther King. Prejudice: Black people are not as important as white people, black people are inferior, only white people understand America enough to vote, black people cannot learn. Discrimination: The segregation laws – not allowing black people into restaurants and cinemas etc, forcing black people to give up their seats to whites, not allowing black people equal access to education.

16. Slide Three What is happening? Who? Where? When? Why?

17. The Holocaust or The Shoah The word Holocaust means ‘whole burning’ which refers to the fact that once the Nazi’s had systematically killed 6 million Jews, Gypsies and Homosexuals their bodies were burned. Some Jews prefer to use the word Shoah which means ‘devouring wind’ to refer to the way Nazi rule swept through Europe destroying the Jewish people they found in their path. It is against the Jewish religion to burn bodies, as they believe they should be returned whole to the ground from which God crafted the first man – Adam. Burning their bodies was a final insult after death.

18. Anne Frank Anne Frank’s diary is the second most widely read non-fiction book in the world (the first is the Christian Bible). She accounts of the anti-Jewish laws and the progressively increasing discrimination against the Jews. Many people feel that if Hitler had tried ‘the final solution’ of killing Jews to start with more people would have tried to stop him. Prejudice: Jews, gypsies, homosexuals and the disabled are people who do not deserve to be alive, only true Germans deserve food and money, people with blonde hair and blue eyes are the best... Discrimination: Jews cannot own cars or bikes, Jews cannot go to the cinema or use public facilities, Jews must live in Ghetto’s or concentration camps, disabled babies must be starved from birth, old people who are ill must be euthanized, people of low intelligence cannot have children...

19. Slide Four What is happening? Who? Where? When? Why?

20. Darfur The Darfur Region is a part of Sudan the same size as France. In an Arab-dominated country, Darfur's population is mostly Black African. For years, there have been tensions between the mostly African farmers and the mostly Arab herders, who have competed for land. In 2003 when the Black African farmers rose up and asked for more land the government armed a terrorist cell called the Janjawid who attacked their villages, raped women and killed men and children. By 2008 300,000 people were dead and by 2009 2.5 million Black Africans were homeless. Look at the village of Ishma on this satellite image to see the impact on just one small area (its on the right hand size 5th from the bottom) http://www.eyesondarfur.org/satellite.html.

21. Darfur Testimonies “Five men who tried to run away were captured by the Janjawid... They tied ropes around their necks and then to their horses and then rode their horses back and forth dragging their bodies about for five or ten minutes. Blood was pouring out of their mouths and noses” (Anonymous, 2004) “They raped women; I saw many cases of Janjawid raping women and girls. They are happy when they rape. They sing when they rape and they tell that we are just slaves and that they can do with us how they wish.” (A. aged 37, from Mukjar Camp).

22. Darfur Today Today the United Nations and African League of Nations are trying to ensure peace and an end to the genocide in Darfur. However, there is still trouble and Black Africans are still being targeted. Prejudice: Black Arabs are better than Black Africans, Black Arabs deserve the farmland more, Black African women are not important, Black African children should not be educated. Discrimination: The Janjawid destroying homes, schools, lives and raping women.

23. What are the different examples of prejudice and discrimination? • Sexism:- Sexism is when you are against someone because of their gender. For example you may not give a builders job to a person because they are a woman • Racism:- Racism is being against someone who comes from a different race. For example, Hitler discriminated against the Jews because they originated from a different race. • Ageism;- Ageism is being against someone due to their age. For example a youth in a newsagents but the adult being served first even though the youth was in the queue before the adult. • Disability;- Disability is being against someone because they are disabled. For example, not talking to someone because they are in a wheelchair. • Class People can be negative towards someone because of their class, for example upper class people not mixing with working class people. • Colour: People can be negative towards someone because of their colour, for example not giving a person a job because of the colour of their skin.

24. What is the link? People who have been hated because of their colour, race, religion…. Picture One is of Nelson Mandela was an activist against apartheid (segregation of blacks and white) in Africa in the 1960’s. and was imprisoned for 27 years. He later became president of South Africa from 1994-1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/11/newsid_2539000/2539947.stm Picture two is of Martin Luther King who stood up against racism in the 1960’s in America and won the noble peace prize and got the vote for black people. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/4/newsid_2453000/2453987.stm Picture three is the persecution of the Jews during world war 2 where approximately 6 million Jews were killed http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_2680000/newsid_2680000/2680053.stm Picture four is of the persecution of the black African’s at the hands of the black Arabs. At least 300,000 people have died and 2.4 million people been thrown out of their homes. This is happening in Darfur now. http://www.eyesondarfur.org/satellite.html Picture Five is examples of people who live in absolute poverty this means that they cannot survive, they have no food, homes, education and cannot support themselves, the first is of someone on the streets of London, the other is of a child in the UK in absolute poverty http://www.endchildpoverty.org.uk/why-end-child-poverty/key-facts Is it fair what has happened to these people? Why?

25. What are the causes? • Ignorance • Stereotyping • Scapegoating • Influence of parents • Influence of media • Experience • Different religious beliefs or culture • Look different e.g. skin colour • Fear • Peer pressure • Economic Circumstances • Lack of education

26. What are your first impressions ?What do they do? Where do they work?

27. What are your first impressions ? What’s the link? Whats the key word? Whats the definition? Was it right to ask this question about these people? WHY?

28. Some of you were given key words or definitions, can we match them? • Sexism discrimination prejudice ageism racism disability class colour

29. What is positive discrimination? • Positive discrimination looks at trying to give people who would normally be discriminated against to get a job. • The UK introduced an equality act which means that everyone should have a fair chance to an education, or job regardless of their gender, race, disability or class.

30. Religion and Prejudice • types of prejudice, including religion, race, colour, gender, age, disability, class, lifestyle, looks; • the causes and origins of prejudice, including ignorance, stereotyping, scapegoating, influence of parents or media, victims of prejudice, experience; • concepts of tolerance, justice, harmony and the value of the individual; • religious attitudes to prejudice and discrimination; • effects of prejudice and discrimination (including the idea of positivediscrimination); • religious responses to prejudice and discrimination by individuals,groups, society and the law; • religious believers who have fought against prejudice, e.g. MahatmaGandhi, Martin Luther King, Desmond Tutu

31. What is the AIM today? • 1) to recap key terms, prejudice, discrimination, sexism, ageism, racism, positive discrimination • 2) To introduce students to exam questions and by the end of the lessons students should be comfy answering two mark questions • 2) to introduce students to sexism a type of sexism and by the end of the lesson be able to give examples of different types of sexism and if time look at some Christian teachings and how they can apply to sexism

32. What is wrong with this picture?

33. Exam focus STARTER • What is stereotyping? (1 mark) A stereotype is having an idea and prejudging a person by this idea, for example seeing a woman as inferior to men because they are women. • What is scapegoating? (1 mark) A scapegoat is someone you blame for your own problems. For example in Britain some people scapegoat immigrants and say they are taking all our jobs. Target: Knowledge of what is meant by stereotyping (1 mark) AO1 Candidates may include any of the following points: Regarding a person as a conventional type rather than an individual / a preconceived and over-simplified idea of the characteristics which typifies a person. Target: Knowledge of what is meant by scapegoating (1 mark) AO1 Candidates may include any of the following points: A form of prejudice which involves blaming and labelling people by saying they are responsible for your problems.

34. Exam focus Give two causes of racism. (2 marks) Target: Knowledge of causes of racism (2 marks) AO1 Candidates may include any of the following points: Ignorance / stereotyping / scapegoating / influence of parents / influence of media / victims of prejudice themselves / experience / different religious beliefs or culture / look different e.g. skin colour / fear / peer pressure / economic circumstances, etc.

35. Exam Check 3 • Give two causes of prejudice. (2 marks) Target: Knowledge of causes of prejudice (2 marks) AO1 Candidates may include any of the following points: Ignorance / stereotyping / scapegoating / influence of parents / influence of media / victims of prejudice themselves / experience / different religious beliefs or culture / look different e.g. skin colour / fear / peer pressure / economic circumstances, etc.

36. Exam Check 4 • Give two causes of discrimination. (2 marks) Target: Knowledge of causes of discrimination(2 marks) AO1 Candidates may include any of the following points: Ignorance / stereotyping / scapegoating / influence of parents / influence of media / victims of prejudice themselves / experience / different religious beliefs or culture / look different e.g. skin colour / fear / peer pressure / economic circumstances, etc.

37. Over to you • 1) What is ageism? (1) define and give an example) • 2) what is racism (1)? • 3) Give two examples of sexism (2) • 4) Give two causes of racism (2)

38. Why? The Pentagon in the USA has twice as many toilets as it needs. WHY? Answer: because when it was built there was a law against black and white people being able to use the same toilets. It was built with toilets for white women, black women, white men and black men.

39. Possible Qs • Give the meaning of the term ‘nationalism’. Use your own studies to answer. (2 marks) • Briefly explain two ways of reducing persecution. Use your own studies to answer. (4 marks) • Explain how equal opportunities legislation can help to reduce prejudice and discrimination. Use your own studies to answer. You should write about at least two of the following: ● race ● gender ● religion ● disability. (12 marks)