1 / 22

How PETS Can Help Make Services Work for Poor People

How PETS Can Help Make Services Work for Poor People. Distance Learning Clinic April 14, 2004 Ritva Reinikka Research Manager Development Research Group The World Bank. Similar changes in public spending can be associated with vastly different changes in outcomes.

camilla-pugh
Download Presentation

How PETS Can Help Make Services Work for Poor People

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. How PETS Can Help Make Services Work for Poor People Distance Learning Clinic April 14, 2004 Ritva Reinikka Research Manager Development Research Group The World Bank

  2. Similar changes in public spending can be associated with vastly different changes in outcomes Sources: Spending data from World Development Indicators database. School completion from Bruns, Mingat and Rakatomalala 2003

  3. Unit cost and performance in primary education: Mauritania

  4. A framework of relationships of accountability Policymakers Poor people Providers

  5. Short and long routes of accountability

  6. The relationship of accountabilityhas five features

  7. Expenditure incidence Health Education Source: Filmer 2003b

  8. Public expenditure tracking surveys • New information on finance and performance of service providers • on provider organizations and frontline • for policymakers and users/clients • as actual spending data are seldom available • Flow of financial and in-kind resources from the center down to the frontline and users • Ministries, local governments, schools • Nonwage and salaries • Sample surveys • Same idea as in enterprise or household surveys

  9. The First PETS in Uganda • Health and education sectors • Data from different levels of administration, including 250 schools and 100 health facilities • Only 13 percent of intended capitation grant actually reached schools (1991-95) • Other findings • Enrollment trends differed from published data • Importance of parental contributions

  10. Leakage of nowage funds in primary education in Uganda (%)

  11. Leakage of nonwage funds in primary education: Evidence from PETS (%)

  12. Ghost workers on payroll (%)

  13. Explaining capture of public funds in Uganda • Large variations in receipts across schools • Corruption explained by interaction between local officials and end-users • Bargaining between local officials and schools • Information and using voice -- costly • Leakage endogenous to school characteristics • Income • Size of school • Teacher qualifications

  14. Evaluating the impact of an information campaign • Central government in Uganda launched an information campaign in 1996 targeted to • Parents and schools • A signal to local governments • Before and after comparison • Huge improvement and reduction in leakage • 3/4 attributed to information campaign • Schools with access to newspapers reduced leakage by 14%

  15. Schools in Uganda received more of what they were due Source: Reinikka and Svensson (2001), Reinikka and Svensson (2003a)

  16. Zambia • Focus on resources and learning results • Combines public expenditure tracking with a household survey and testing of pupils for learning outcomes • Educational equity • Household survey enables PETS to relate school funding received to whether schools are “rich” or “poor” and to private spending on education

  17. Peru • Diagnostic PETS exposed the confusion in the processes of administering the budget • Inadequacy and unresponsiveness • Non-salary spending fell short of schools’ needs • Implementing units rarely responded to school’s requests

  18. IIEP Training Module for PETS and other provider surveys • Use of micro-level surveys • Multi-angular data collection • Sampling and data management • Case studies • Peru • Uganda • Zambia • Sample questionnaire for school survey

  19. Provider surveys 2002: Absence rates (%) among teachers and health-care workers

  20. Implementation issues: Who? How? • Requires skills like any other micro survey • Steps in implementation • Concept • Buy-in across the board • Questionnaire design • Identify (and contract) implementing agency • Pilot • Enumerator training • Field work (including quality control and data entry) • Analysis and dissemination

  21. Concluding remarks • With proper survey techniques it is possible to collect quantitative data on frontline service provision • Conventional mechanisms such as audit, supervision, legislative reviews may not be enough • Enhance client power -- parents’ ability to monitor and improve their bargaining position • Information is crucial

  22. Finding out more on PETS… • Survey reports, instruments, and documentation on: www.publicspending.org • http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/pe/trackingsurveys.htm • Some references: • Dehn, Reinikka, and Svensson. 2003. “Survey Tools for Assessing Performance in Service Delivery.” In Bourguignon and Pereira da Silva, eds. Evaluating the Poverty and Distributional Impact of Economic Policies. Oxford University Press and the World Bank. Forthcoming • Reinikka and Svensson. 2002. Measuring and understanding corruption at the micro level. In Della Porta and Rose-Ackerman, eds. Corrupt Exchanges: Empirical Themes in the Politics and Political Economy of Corruption. Nomos Verlagsgesellshaft. • Lindelow and Wagstaff. 2002. “Health Facility Surveys: An Introduction.” Policy Research Working Paper 2953. The World Bank. • Email: rreinikka@worldbank.org

More Related