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The Scientific Method

Explore the core principles of the scientific method, including well-defined questions, testable hypotheses, and controlled variables. Delve into the importance of variables and how they are applied in various experiments. Use examples to understand the process better.

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The Scientific Method

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  1. The Scientific Method

  2. Question • Well defined • Testable • Measurable • Controllable • Reasonable and consistent with existing bodies of knowledge

  3. Consider These Questions • Are serial killers evil by nature? • What is the cause of AIDS? • Why is grass green? • What is the best recipe for chocolate chip cookies? • When will the big earth quake hit San Francisco?

  4. Hypothesis • Testable • Falsifiable • Written as a statement

  5. Which of the following is a useful scientific hypothesis? • Plants absorb water through their leaves as well as their roots. • Mice require calcium for developing strong bones. • Dogs are happy when you feed them steak. • HIV can be transmitted by cat fleas.

  6. Variables • Dependent • The variable measured, counted, or recorded. • Placed on y-axis of a graph • Independent • What the investigator deliberately varies or manipulates during an experiment. • Chosen because it is thought to affect the dependent variable • Placed on x-axis of graph • Control • Variables or factors that are kept equal in all treatments.

  7. Identify the D and I variables • Height of a bean plant recorded daily for 2 weeks. • Mice are kept at different temperatures for 6 weeks. Percent weight gain is recorded. • A hypothesis proposes that dog weight increases with fewer litter mates. • Seeds are soaked in salt solutions of different concentrations and germination is counted each day. • The diversity of coastal algal species is calculated before and after an oil spill.

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