Importance of Nutrition In Community

1. Dr SajidaNaseem Assistant Professor Community & Family Medicine Importance of Nutrition In Community

2. What is Nutrition? Need to Study?

3. Session Objectives • To highlight the importance of nutrition in relation to health • To enlist the common nutritional problems in Pakistan • To familiarize with National statistics related to nutrition National Nutrition Survey - 2011

4. Importance of Nutrition Health & Disease

5. Balanced Diet – Prudent Diet, WHO • Dietary fats< 30%, Saturated Fats – 10% energy intake • Proteins 15-20% • >50% calories should come from carbohydrate rich in fibre, not much refined carbohydrates • Salt intake <5g/day • Junk food intake to be reduced • Sources rich in energy as fats and alcohol should be restricted

6. National Nutrition Survey - 2011 • Knowledge • Iron • Zinc • Vitamin A • Vitamin D • Vitamin B • Iodine ranged from 6% -24%

7. Nutritional Problems in Pakistan • Malnutrition • Iron Deficiency • Iodine Deficiency • Vitamin A Deficiency • Vitamin D Deficiency • Vitamin B12 Deficiency • Zinc Deficiency • Calcium Deficiency • Fluorine Deficiency

8. Food Insecurity • National Level: 58% • Without hunger: 28.4% • Moderate hunger: 19.8% • Severe hunger: 9.8%

10. Food Insecurity – Provincial Data

11. Nutritional Assessment • Clinical Examination • Anthropometry • Micronutrient Deficiency • Biochemical Analysis

12. Malnutrition • Under nutrition is a bigger challenge

13. Malnutrition - Terminologies • Underweight Moderate: Below -2SD from median weight for age of reference population Severe: Below - 3SD from median weight for age • Wasting Moderate & Severe: below -2SD from median weight for height of reference population • Stunting Moderate & Severe: Below -2SD from median height for age of reference population

14. Prevalence of Malnutrition in children

15. National trends in Malnutrition

22. Iodine Deficiency • Cause: Low levels of iodine in soil , high amount of refined foods. • Side effects: Mental retardation, Goitre • Daily requirement: 150micrograms / day

24. Vitamin A Deficiency • Required for low light and colour vision • Deficiency results in Night Blindness • Sources: Carrots, liver, cod liver oil, broccoli, sweet potato, tomatoes • Daily requirement: 1300microgram /day in adults

25. Vit A Deficiency in Children

27. Vitamin D Deficiency • Results in Rickets in Children and Osteomalacia in adults. • Sources: Cod liver oil, Fish, Egg, milk, cheese, liver, beef.

29. Anaemia & I DA

32. Anemia Among Children

33. Zinc Deficiency • Occurs in young children, pregnant women, Breast feeding mothers and elders • Signs: Compromised immune system, diarrhoea, hair loss, loss of appetite, skin rash, sleep disturbance, impaired cognitive and motor function • Sources: wheat, oats, egg, milk, nuts, meat

36. Links for Research related to nutrition • http://scholar.google.com.pk/scholar?hl=en&as_ylo=2012&as_vis=1&q=nutrition+research+in+pakistan&as_sdt=1%2C5&as_sdtp= • http://www.pakmedinet.com/search_new.php?q=nutrition+related+research • http://www.aiou.edu.pk/FoodSite/INDEX.HTM

38. THANKYOU