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Integumentary System

Integumentary System. Created by Tina Weber, 2011. Membrane Type and Function. Cutaneous - --skin, protection Mucous- --lines body cavities open to exterior, wet to capture pathogens or aid in movement Serous- --lines body cavities closed to exterior, prevents friction between organs

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System Created by Tina Weber, 2011

  2. Membrane Type and Function • Cutaneous---skin, protection • Mucous---lines body cavities open to exterior, wet to capture pathogens or aid in movement • Serous---lines body cavities closed to exterior, prevents friction between organs • Synovial---line capsules surrounding joints, provide smooth lubricated surface or cushion

  3. Functions • protection against mechanical damage • keratin toughens cells • pressure receptors alert nervous system • bed sores occur when person not moved and pressure cuts off blood supply • protection against chemical damage • impermeable keratinized cells • pain receptors alert nervous system

  4. protection against bacteria • unbroken surface with acidic secretions • phagocytes ingest pathogens • clogged glands lead to acne • protection against UV rays • melanin (pigment) protects cells nuclei • freckles and moles are accumulation of melanin • cold sores appear more often after sunbathing

  5. protection against thermal damage • heat, cold and pain receptors signal nervous system • burns cause cell death and loss of fluids • prevents desiccation---drying out • contains waterproofing substances • cracks can lead to infection

  6. controls heat loss and retention • loss---sweat glands activated and blood sent to skin capillaries • retention---stops blood moving to capillaries • heat stroke occurs when body is unable to lose heat • helps with excretion of urea and uric acid • both are found in sweat • inability to sweat can lead to electrolyte imbalance • synthesizes vitamin D • cholesterol molecules converted by sunlight • deficiency can lead to osteoporosis

  7. Skin Layers • Epidermis---outer, hard and tough for protection • Dermis---middle, contains glands, follicles, blood vessels, nerve endings • Hypodermis---layer of fat that anchors skin to organs

  8. Cutaneous Glands • release secretions to skin surface via ducts • Sebaceous (oil) glands • all over skin except palms and soles • secrete sebum---oil and fragmented cells that lubricate skin, soften hair and kill bacteria • most active during adolescence

  9. Subdoriferous (sweat) gland • spread throughout skin • secrete water, salts, vitamin C, urea, lactic acid---sweat • pH of 4-6 kills bacteria • evaporating sweat carries large amounts of body heat away

  10. Hair • covers entire body • provides head cushion, shields eyes, captures pollen and dust entering nose

  11. BURNS---tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals • First degree • epidermis damaged • red and swollen • heal in 2-3 days with no treatment • Second degree burn • epidermis and upper dermis damaged • red, painful, blisters • no scars if prevent infection

  12. Third degree burn • dermis destroyed • gray or blackened, no pain • skin grafts cover exposed tissue http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn9uMVxk8wI&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active • Rule of Nines • measures volume of water lost in burn victim • body divided into 11 areas (9% each)

  13. Skin Cancer • most common type in humans • causes include uv rays, frequent infection, chemicals, or physical trauma

  14. Basal Cell Carcinoma • least malignant and most common • cells can’t form keratin • lesions occur on sun-exposed areas • shiny, dome-shaped nodule, central ulcer • lesion removed surgically

  15. Squamous Cell Carcinoma • scaly, reddened papule, shallow ulcer • found on scalp, ears, hands, lips from sun • grows rapidly into lymph nodes • surgery or radiation therapy

  16. Malignant Melanoma • deadly • found wherever there is pigment and in some moles • spreading brown or black patch • spreads rapidly to lymph nodes and blood vessels • 50% survival

  17. ABCD Rule • Asymmetry---2 sides don’t match • Border Irregularity---indentations along edge • Color---different colors present • Diameter---larger than pencil eraser

  18. Aging • newborn---thin, vessels visible, little fat • adolescence---skin and hair more oily, acne • 20-30---optimal appearance • 30-60---clogged pores cause pimples, scales and dermatitis • 60+---subcutaneous tissue decreases, dries out, thinner, decreased elasticity

  19. Review • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072351136/student_view0/chapter5/chapter_quiz.html • http://www.funtrivia.com/trivia-quiz/SciTech/The-Integumentary-System-58008.html • http://www.lrn.org/Content/Quizzes/Qskin.html • http://biologyonline.us/Online%20A&P/AP%201/Northland/AP%20Study%20Questions/Integumentary%20System.htm • http://quizlet.com/1225728/integumentary-system-quiz-flash-cards/ • http://www.drstandley.com/quiz_integumentary.shtml • http://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10965/2807112.cw/index.html

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