Follow up evaluation of Empowerment for Food Security Project (EFSP) Kwazulu Natal

1. FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMME • Empowerment for Food Security Programme • Comprehensive Food Security Follow up evaluation of Empowerment for Food Security Project (EFSP) Kwazulu Natal Z.J. MCHUNU

2. The program • Empowerment for Food Security (EFSP) • Start: April 2006- 5 years • Sponsor: Flemish Government & KZN government • Where: Kwazulu Natal Pilot project • 4 districts • 8 municipalities (out of 51)

3. The program • Partners: • Department of agriculture KZN • Department of education & health KZN • Local government • Flemish government (Sponsor) • Local responsible for daily activities • DAEA KZN • Focus on: • Agricultural production (favourable local conditions) • Training in food security (diet quality & variety) • Access to market (purchasing power)

4. General descriptive analysis • Household Demographics • Household size and age of household head? • On average: household consists of 7 people • On average: household heads in North are 54 years; in South 56 years • Gender household heads: 55.1% are male

5. General descriptive analysis • Household Demographics • Education status of households (% of households)? • Low levels of education • 25% of households heads obtained some secondary education in the southern area, while this is only 18% in the northern region

6. General descriptive analysis • Household Food Production • Access to resources (% of households)? • Quite equal access to resources in the northern and southern region • However, access to markets and credits is higher in the South while access to rivers is higher in the North

7. General descriptive analysis • Household Food Production • Crop production (% of households)? • Different types of crops are grown in the study area • On average, each respondent cultivates 8 different crops • 80% of respondents sell some of their agricultural production

8. General descriptive analysis • Household Food Production • Livestock production? • Chicken production is most popular • Large number of respondents in Zululand own cattle • Limited presence of livestock sector: cattle owners have on average 2 heads of cattle; goat owners on average 2 goats; chicken owners on average 10 chickens

9. General descriptive analysis • Household Food Consumption • Diversity in food consumption? • Consumption of maize, other cereals and vegetables is highest: 3 to 5 times/week • Consumption of fruits and protein sources (dairy, eggs) is quite low: 2 times/week

10. General descriptive analysis • Household Food Consumption • Different sources of food products (% of households)? • Over 70% of participating households indicate that they purchase most of their food • Exception: vegetables = own production (for over 65% of the households)

11. General descriptive analysis • Household Income and its Sources • Average monthly income is highest in Umgungundlovu (320R; SD: 429) followed by Ugu (275R; SD: 260) • The southern districts both have an average income per capita per month of R190 (SD: 122)

12. General descriptive analysis • Household Income and its Sources • Grants (including pension; child support) and gifts are most important income sources: 72%-88% of households partially depends on this type of income • Income shortage mainly during the months January/February and June/July • Common reasons why household heads not work: old age, inability to find job,…

13. General descriptive analysis • Stresses, shocks and coping strategies • Common shocks (share households experiencing)? • Most important stresses: increase in food cost and related to that increases in food production costs • Drought and sudden loss of livestock are the most prevalent stresses

14. General descriptive analysis • Stresses, shocks and coping strategies • Coping strategies for sudden and severe decrease in income? • Borrowing from friends/ relatives seems to be most important coping strategy negative coping strategy: leads to increased debts and asset depletion • Only 20% is able to use their savings or looks for additional income sources

15. Vulnerability analysis • Food insecurity (% of households) • Across full sample: 5.6% food secure; 55.4% severly food insecure; 6.9% mild food insecure • Most affected district is Umgungundlovu where about 70% of respondents are faced with food insecurity

16. Vulnerability analysis • Poverty measure • Northern region has larger share of poor households compared to the southern region

17. Vulnerability analysis • Food insecurity and Poverty • Notice negative correlation between food security and poverty level. Households in the north seem to be more food secure but poorer while households in the south seem less poor but more food insecure

18. Overall outcome evaluation • 150 households were interviewed both in 2007 & 2010 • Comparison of characteristics of these households • Evolution of these households • General food security • Has not improved

19. Overall outcome evaluation • Positive impact on • Most severe poverty measures (20% less households on <1$ per pers day) • Diet diversity • Hunger index

20. Conclusions • Outcome analysis shows positive outcomes: • Diet diversity • Hunger index • Poverty rates • However actual impact on food security is not there • EFSP has positive outcomes but has not yet improved actual food security levels

21. PARTNERSHIP WITH IDT TRAINING OF ONE HOME ONE GARDEN BENEFICIARIES

22. Introduction • The IDT is in partnership with the DAEA& RD in the implementation of Flagship Programme in the 57 priority wards. • DAEA&RD provide training to 40 000 beneficiaries and • Provide catering for all 1600 groups

23. IDT Role • To provide Social Facilitation Role • To mobilise 40 000 beneficiaries • Organise seeds beneficiaries to groups of 25 • 700 beneficiaries per ward • Ensure state of readiness of beneficiaries to receive training • Stakeholders engagement • Organise Logistics : e.g. venues

24. Social Mobilisation & Training

25. Gardens • The following gardens have been established. • 174 Number of community gardens • 93 number of school gardens • 12 number of clinic gardens • 508 number of homestead gardens

26. HOUSEHOLD GARDEN in SISONKE – MZiMKHULU HH 1

27. Other interventions • 20 Tunnels have been established in the following areas • Mbangweni 5 • Bhekabantu 5 • Ladysmith 10 • Seed distributed to 1 Million Households

28. TUNNELS

29. FoodBank & Technoserve Initiative

30. The Intergrated Agri-FoodBank Sustainable model Retailers Smallholder farmers Agriculture mentoring and training Equipment and infrastructure programme Business and bookkeeping service Other Transport to market Fertiliser and seed subsidy Crop and stock insurance Community Education & Health, DSD Procurement Programme FOODBANK COMMUNITY DEPOT Guaranteed off-take agreements PACKING / PROCESSING FACILITY AGRI FOODBANK FoodBank agencies Processors/ Manufacturers Procurement Programme FOODBANK COMMUNITY DEPOT Donated Foods Procurement Programme FOODBANK SATELLITE Donated Foods National FoodBank Fund

31. Progress • Phase 1 business plan by 14 March 2011 • Task team to Link to the NSNP , DOH and DSD has been established

32. THANK YOU