Long Baseline Experiments at Fermilab

1. Long Baseline Experimentsat Fermilab Maury Goodman

2. Outline • Fermilab Long-Baseline history (1987) • NuMI • MINOS results 2006 • A tale of identical detectors • NOvA • Fermilab/BNL study

3. Some History of Long-Baseline n at Fermilab

4. nn • I first heard a serious long-baseline talk from Al Mann • The Fermilab n beam pointed towads Sudbury • First Physical Review paper with a map?

5. Fermilab pre-history

6. Long-Baseline History at Fermilab • I started work in 1987 for a “GRANDE” workshop in Arkansas • Calculations were done with what we now call the HE beam

7. NuMI - a combined short-baseline/long-baseline program

8. 1992 Workshop on long-baseline neutrino oscillations

9. 1991

10. Optimize Distance?

11. Optimize decay pipe

12. Optimize beam energy

13. NuMI

14. NuMI

16. A tale of 3 beam configurations

17. MINOS results 2006

18. n Monte Carlo 1 735 km 2 MINOS Experiment Near Detector at Fermilab, IL Far Detector, Soudan, MN 5400 tons, 710 m underground 486 steel and 484 scintillator planes 980 tons, 105 m underground 282 steel and 153 scintillator planes 2 1

20. June • July • August • September • October • November Stability of the energy spectrum & reconstruction Energy spectrum by batch Energy spectrum (ND) by month

22. Far Detector UnoscillatedEnergy spectrum Different methods are robust against different kinds of systematics

23. There is a large energy dependent deficit Below 10 GeV the significance of the deficit is5.8s(stat+syst) MINOS Preliminary result based on 1.27 E20 protons Observed & Expected events

24. nc/cc Variables

25. MINOS result

26. MINOS ratio

27. Allowed region(Preliminary) Dm232 = (2.72 +0.38 - 0.25) (stat) x 10-3 eV2 Sin22q23 = 1.00 - 0.13 (stat) Dm232 = (2.72 0.25) (stat) x 10-3 eV2 Constrained to sin2q23 = 1.00 Systematics are about 1/3 of statistical error

28. A tale of identical detectors

33. Energy Calibration

34. Calibration Light Injection

35. Drift

36. Linearity

37. Strip to Strip Variation

38. Attenuation

42. NOnA

43. The Far Detector The cells are made from 32-cell extrusions. 12 extrusion modules make up a plane. The planes alternate horizontal and vertical. For structural reasons, the planes are arranged in 31-plane blocks, beginning and ending in a vertical plane. There are 54 blocks = 1654 planes. The detector can start taking data as soon as blocks are filled and the electronics connected.

44. The Near Detector The Near Detector will beplaced off-axis in the MINOSaccess tunnel and will be moveable along the tunnelto measure the different components of the backgrounds. 14.4 m 4.1 m 209 T 126 T totally active 23 T fiducial Muon catcher 1 m iron Shower containment region Target region 2.9 m Veto region

45. The Integration PrototypeNear Detector We plan to have a prototype version of the Near Detector running in the MINOS surface building by the end of 2007. It will detect a 75 mr off-axis NuMI beam, dominated by K decays. 3 GeV nm 2 GeV ne

46. Event Quality Longitudinal sampling is 0.15 X0, which gives excellent m-e separation. A 2-GeV muon is 60 planes long.

47. Cost & schedule • $200M cap(?) • Just combined with beam efforts ~$100M to get to 1.2 MW

48. Fermilab/BNL study

49. More long-baseline neutrino issues • Physics goals (qd space) • DUSEL (Homestake/Henderson, if, when, who pays) • Detectors (Water-UNO, liquid Argon,…) • Transverse-2nd maximum? • Proton intensity upgrades (proton plan, proton driver, Super-NuMI,…) • Detector depth (for other physics) • Concerns: event rate, NC background, resolution, parameter sensitivity, total cost and timeliness. http://nwg.phy.bnl.gov/~diwan/nwg/fnal-bnl/

50. CP-2540 km