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KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

Learn about the importance of ATP as an energy carrier in cells and the different energy sources used by organisms. Understand the process of ATP synthesis and how it transfers energy for cell functions. Explore the role of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in ATP production. Discover how chemosynthetic organisms and plants are similar in terms of being energy sources.

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KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

  2. Objectives • Recognize the importance of ATP as an energy-carrying molecule. • Identify energy sources used by organisms.

  3. Vocabulary • ATP • Adenosine Triphosphate • High-energy molecule that contains, within its bond, energy that cells can use. • ADP • Adenosine Diphosphate • Low-energy molecule that can be converted to ATP. • Chemosynthesis • A process by which ATP is synthesized by using chemicals as an energy source instead of light

  4. Starch molecule Glucose molecule The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP. • Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.

  5. phosphate removed • ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions. • Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed. • ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added.

  6. adenosine triphosphate tri=3 adenosine diphosphate di=2 Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP. • Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP. • not stored in large amounts • up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule

  7. Fats store the most energy. • 80 percent of the energy in your body • about 146 ATP from a triglyceride • Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP. • amino acids not usually needed for energy • about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate

  8. A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy. • Some organisms live in places that never get sunlight. • In chemosynthesis, chemical energy is used to build carbon-based molecules. • similar to photosynthesis • uses chemical energy instead of light energy

  9. Question/Answer • How are ATP and ADP alike? • They both contain adenosine and phosphate groups • How are the different? • ATP has three phosphate groups • ADP has two phosphate groups • Why is this difference important? • The extra bond is a potential source of energy

  10. Question/Answer • Describe the relationship between energy stored in food and ATP. • Food molecules store chemical energy in their bonds. Food is broken down into smaller molecules that are broken down further to transfer this energy to ATP. • How do lipids and carbohydrates differ in ATP production? • Lipids provide more ATP than carbohydrates do • How are chemosynthetic organisms and plants similar as energy sources? • Both chemosynthetic organisms and plants make their own food and both are eaten by other organisms that cannot make their own food.

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