The French and Indian War

1. The New World, 1755-1763 The French and Indian War Adapted from www.worldofteaching.com

2. A few terms… Imperialism—an empire consisting of many different nationalities Colonialism—the belief that certain countries in an empire (the “colonies”) exist solely to enrich the home country. Mercantilism—the theory that wealth and power are best created through trade

3. The Conflict • Between the French Empire (and its colonies) and the British Empire (and its colonies) • Part of the Seven Years’ War (in Europe) • Began primarily as a fight over beaver pelts, which were used to make hats in Europe. • Involved Native Americans on both sides in the New World.

4. http://www.colonial-america.info/images/1754-colonial-map-1.gifhttp://www.colonial-america.info/images/1754-colonial-map-1.gif

5. Chief Pontiac (Chief of the Ottawa) • “These lakes, these woods and mountains were left to us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance and we will part with them to no one … You ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided food for us in these spacious lakes and on the woody mountains” http://wallington09.wikis.birmingham.k12.mi.us/file/view/Chief_Pontiac_Picture_4.gif/134095639/Chief_Pontiac_Picture_4.gif

6. The French and Indian War • The spark: an ill-advised expedition by (then British major) George Washington to take French forts (Fort Duquesne and Fort Necessity) before claiming the entire valley. • They took the forts, and tried to follow up with an larger attack to take the entire valley.

7. The French and Indian WarBraddock Marches to Duquesne • June 1755: Braddock sets out from Virginia • 1,400 red-coated British troops & 600 blue-coated colonial militia • Braddock’s army took several weeks to trek through dense forest to Fort Duquesne • They fought in traditional European style • They were unable to adjust to the environment, and were defeated.

8. British Lose to French and Indians During March to Duquesne http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSoEdF7vaNX8pADaYowICu1NgBoW5aDGxubjdftwS_YWW80aLxS7Dn4dWxp

9. William Trent’s Journal Map of Fort Duquesne/Pitt http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRXcC5IJx2oE3VBRnavARxBBAAPKy07fuiOCaIyj_aDqPI7cQZIvhZp9DGxFA

10. The French and Indian War • 1756-7: The first years of the war went terribly for the British and their American colonies • The French captured large sections of land, killing settlers, burned farmhouses and crops, and chased many families back to the coast • 1758-60: William Pitt becomes military leader of the British, and decides to solve the problem by outspending the French, using money he unfortunately did not have.

11. The French and Indian War http://www.snyder7hills.org/units/ss/oh3/images/fiw1.jpg http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSDuuBaauXTCDwvM_G0O3ibBeGh-dl61WwIW5539FkzmoMBSykYfcbJ1K5ulw

12. The French and Indian War The Victory of England • 1759: British general James Wolfe finds a way to attack the capital of New France, Quebec. • His troops find a way up the cliff, and attack and win by surprise. Both French and British commanders died on the battlefield. • 1760: The British blockade and capture the French port of Montreal at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River • Most fighting ends in 1760.

13. The Plains of Abraham http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSHnkE56A4DUhn3DXfZmHnD0lwrSNGRi7ctVwyCRApLrfPRkxZqiY8EP0996A

14. The French and Indian WarResults of the War • 1763: The Treaty of Paris cost France all its colonies in North America. England controlled the east; Spain the west. • Huge debts by the British needed to be paid off. England decided to tax the colonies for money. • The Native Americans were left out of the treaty; colonists begin to move west, leading to Pontiac’s War from 1763 to 1766. • Proclamation of 1763: No settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

15. One other result of the war… http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Robert_McGee%2C_scalped_as_a_child_by_Sioux_Chief_Little_Turtle_in_1864-2.jpg/434px-Robert_McGee%2C_scalped_as_a_child_by_Sioux_Chief_Little_Turtle_in_1864-2.jpg http://www.earlyamerica.com/image/review/1998/scalping.jpg

16. After the French and Indian War http://www.ambrosevideo.com/resources/documents/119.jpg