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CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW

CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW. DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses. #2 Which Scientist(s)?. HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure HINT 2: stole the Photo 51 HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins (G). #2 Which Scientist(s)?. HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure

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CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW

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  1. CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses

  2. #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure • HINT 2: stole the Photo 51 • HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize • ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins (G)

  3. #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure • HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography Photo 51 • HINT 3: a woman • ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin (A)

  4. #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure • HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of inside • HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA structure • ANSWER: Watson and Crick (E)

  5. #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic material • HINT 2: used bacteriophages • HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and phosphorus • ANSWER: Hershey and Chase (C)

  6. #2 Which scientist(s)? • HINT 1: found DNA was genetic material • HINT 2: separated bacteria into: carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a centrifuge • HINT 3: bald • ANSWER: Avery (H)

  7. #3 Name ways RNA is different from DNA: • 1. RNA = Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose in DNA • 2. DNA A-T C-G RNA A-U C-G • 3. RNA= Single stranded instead of Double in DNA • 4. RNA can go in and out of nucleus, DNA must stay in nucleus • 5. DNA can repair itself, RNA cannot

  8. What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide? • ANSWER: • sugar • Phosphate • Nitrogenous base (remember the song)

  9. EXTRA: What is the complementary side of this DNA strand? (DNA – DNA) • G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G • ANSWER: • C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C

  10. What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA – mRNA) • G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G • ANSWER: • C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C

  11. #4 Identify the DNA parts: A B C D E

  12. #4 Identify the DNA parts A PHOSPHATE B Deoxyribose Sugar C Nitrogenous Bases (A-T-C-G) Covalent bond D Hydrogen Bond Nucleotide = sugar, phosphate, base

  13. #5 Which process? • Does DNA copy itself? • ANSWER: Replication (A) • Is the movement of tRNA from A to P site on the ribosome? • ANSWER: Translocation (B)

  14. #5 Which process? • Codes DNA to mRNA? • ANSWER? Transcription (C) • Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein? • ANSWER: Translation (D)

  15. #5 What happens at the P and A sites of a ribosome during translation? • A = amino acid is dropped off • P = polypeptide builds • Process is translocation (B)

  16. #6 Which enzyme? • Unwinds DNA from its spiral • ANSWER: Topoisomerase (B)

  17. #6 Which enzyme? • Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds for replication) • ANSWER: Helicase (D)

  18. #6 Which enzyme? • Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading • ANSWER: DNA polymerase (C)

  19. #6 Which enzyme? • Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand • ANSWER: Ligase (A)

  20. #6 Which enzyme? • Adds RNA nucleotide primers • ANSWER: Primase (E)

  21. #6 Which enzyme? • Makes RNA’s • ANSWER: RNA polymerase (G)

  22. #7 Which is a physical or chemical agent that causes mutations? • A. mutagen • B. mutagenesis • C. mutation • D. reading frame • ANSWER: A mutagen

  23. #7 Which is any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA? • A. Mutagenesis • B. mutation • C. mutagen • D. reading frame • ANSWER: B mutation Epidermodysplasia verruciformis Uncontrolled HPV infections result in the growth of scaly macules and papules

  24. Tree Man Pictures • Before and After Images : Tree Man : Discovery Health

  25. #7 Which is the triplet grouping (a mutation can alter it to shift) • A. mutation • B. mutagenesis • C. mutagen • D. reading frame • ANSWER: D reading frame

  26. ADD What is a HOX gene? They produce genes that share those that control:(WHICH) A. eye development B. Cancer C. Body plan D. hair development

  27. ADD What is a HOX gene? They produce genes that share Body plan control C

  28. #8 What are some examples of mutagens? UV Rays pesticides cigarettes X-rays

  29. #9 What is polyploidy? N 2N 4N

  30. #9 What is polyploidy? multiple sets of chromosomes EX: 4N, 5N Usually beneficial for plants

  31. #10 Operon (group of genes working together) • Promoter (start)– latches on to the beginning enzyme • Operator (controller)– attaches on to repressor, can stop or allow the protein production • Repressor (brake)– binds to operator to stop production

  32. #10 Operon • VCAC: Molecular Processes: Lac Operon: The Movie • The lac Operon • HERE http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007337797x/student_view0/chapter13/animation_quiz_-_the_tryptophan_repressor.html • Lac Operon Animation (no sound)

  33. ALSO: What is NOT part of an operon? • Operator • Terminator • Promoter • Repressor • ANSWER: terminator

  34. #11 What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGU AAC UAC CGU GGG CAC UGG

  35. 11. What amino acid is mRNA codon:Cyst–Aspar –Tyros–Arg–Glyc-Hist-Trypt

  36. #12 What codon is the START CODON?

  37. 12. What amino acid is START codon:AUG

  38. #12 What are the three STOP CODONS? • ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA • (you could also figure this out by looking at the chart)

  39. What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGG tryptophan

  40. # 12 How many? • Different amino acids are there? • ANSWER: 20

  41. #13 How many subunits make up a ribosome? • A. one • B. two • C. Three • D. Four

  42. Made of rRNA (ribosomal) + protein

  43. A.Codon B. Anticodon C. Triplet #14 What are the 3 bases?

  44. A. Codon B. Anticodon C. Triplet For mRNA For tRNA For DNA #14 What are the 3 bases?

  45. What does a tRNA carry? • A. codon • B. triplet • C. amino acid • D. ribosome • ANSWER: amino acid

  46. Introns Exons Are cut and discarded from the primary mRNA Leave the nucleus to be coded with tRNA #15 Match:

  47. 15. What will the mature mRNA look like?

  48. What will the mRNA look like? HINT: introns discarded exons kept and coded 1 2 3 = mature mRNA Just exons

  49. #15 What’s the difference? • Between Primary mRNA and mature mRNA? • Primary mRNA = introns + exons • Mature mRNA = only exons

  50. #16 What are the 3 types of RNA? • a) tRNA (transfer RNA-brings amino acids) • b) mRNA (messenger RNA-codes from DNA), and • c) rRNA (ribosomal RNA-structural part of ribosome)

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