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Nomenclature

Nomenclature. CHEM 140. Metals With One Oxidation State. Na + : sodium Mg 2+ : magnesium Al 3+ : aluminum aluminum chloride: AlCl 3. Transition Metals. Have more than one oxidation state Fe 2+ : iron(II) Fe 3+ : iron(III) Iron(II) sulfide: FeS Iron(III) oxide: Fe 2 O 3.

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Nomenclature

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  1. Nomenclature CHEM 140

  2. Metals With One Oxidation State • Na+: sodium • Mg2+: magnesium • Al3+: aluminum • aluminum chloride: AlCl3

  3. Transition Metals • Have more than one oxidation state • Fe2+: iron(II) • Fe3+: iron(III) • Iron(II) sulfide: FeS • Iron(III) oxide: Fe2O3

  4. Other Names for Transition Metal Ions • Iron • Fe2+: ferrous • Fe3+: ferric • Copper • Cu+: cuprous or copper(I) • Cu2+: cupric or copper(II) • Mercury • Hg22+: mercurous or mercury(I) • Hg2+: mercuric or mercury(II)

  5. Monatomic Anions • These take the –ide ending • Cl–: chloride • S2–: sulfide • Examples • Li3N: lithium nitride • Cu2S: copper(I) sulfide

  6. Polyatomic Ions • Start by memorizing these: • carbonate: CO32– • nitrate: NO3– • phosphate: PO43– • sulfate: SO42– • perchlorate: ClO4–

  7. Derived Names • Remove oxygen from –ate to become –ic • NO3–: nitrate. NO2–: nitrite • Charge does not change • Add H+ to change the name • CO32–: carbonate • HCO32–: hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate

  8. Derived Names • PO43–: phosphate • HPO42–: hydrogen phosphate • H2PO4–: dihydrogen phosphate • Analogies with metals • ClO4– and MnO4– (group 7A and 7B) • SO42– and CrO42– (group 6A and 6B)

  9. The Chlorine Series • ClO4–: perchlorate • ClO3–: chlorate • ClO2–: chlorite • ClO–: hypochlorite • Cl–: chloride

  10. Polyatomic –ide Anions • OH–: hydroxide • CN–: cyanide • O22–: peroxide • Na2O2: sodium peroxide • KCN: potassium cyanide

  11. Oddball Ions • NH4+: ammonium • Hg22+: mercury(I) or mercurous • Cr2O72–: dichromate • H–: hydride • SCN–: thiocyanate

  12. Naming Acids • -ate becomes –ic • HClO3: chloric acid • HClO4: perchloric acid • H3PO4: phosphoric acid • -ite becomes –ous • HNO2: nitrous acid • -ide becomes hydro…ic • HBr: hydrobromic acid

  13. Acids Are Solutions in Water • HCl • Pure form is a gas: hydrogen chloride • Aqueous solution is an acid: hydrochloric acid • HCN • Pure form: hydrogen cyanide • Aqueous solution: hydrocyanic acid

  14. Naming Other Hydrogen Compounds • H2S: hydrogen sulfide • H2O: water • H2O2: hydrogen peroxide • NH3: ammonia • PH3: phosphine • CH4: methane • SiH4: silane • B2H6: diborane

  15. Other Names • P4O10: phosphorous pentoxide • CuSO4: copper sulfate • Some transition metals have only one oxidation state: • Ag+, Zn2+, Cd2+: no need for (I), (II), etc.

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