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Biological Control Strategies II

Biological Control Strategies II. Augmentation. Bio-control Strategies. Classical Biological Control Augmentation - Inundation - Inoculation Conservation Biological Control. Augmentation Definition.

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Biological Control Strategies II

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  1. Biological Control Strategies II

  2. Augmentation

  3. Bio-control Strategies • Classical Biological Control • Augmentation - Inundation - Inoculation • Conservation Biological Control

  4. Augmentation Definition It is the periodical introduction of natural enemies to achieve pest control. Natural enemies used in augmentation do not establish and need to be introduced each time pest populations reach the threshold level.

  5. Augmentation • Release of reared natural enemies • Temporary control • Natural enemy should be adapted to focus area • Easy to culture • Preference for pest species • Higher reproductive rate than pest • Good response to pest density • Nat.enem. Should not attack others Nat. enem.

  6. Augmentation Begginings • In England in 1895 the egg parasitoid Trichogramma became the first natural enemy to be reared and release to control arthropod pests. • After this the techniques to rear natural enemies increase but it is only in the 1970s than mass rearing escalated correlating with the increase of their use in greenhouses.

  7. When to use Augmentation? • When natural enemies are absent or occur at low numbers • When natural enemies appear late

  8. Bio-control Strategies • Classical Biological Control • Augmentation - Inundation - Inoculation • Conservation Biological Control

  9. Inundative Biological Control • Control agents do not reproduce • For rapid biological control • For low economic thresholds

  10. Inoculation • Control agents reproduce • Agent persist longer than in inundative control

  11. Bio-protectants

  12. Products Used in Augmentation • Macroorganisms • Microorganisms

  13. Why do you think pathogens are more common than parasitoids in augmentative control?

  14. Microorganism Mass Production

  15. Microorganisms Release

  16. Microorganism Storage and Transport

  17. Macroorganism Mass Production

  18. Macro organism Releases

  19. Macroorganism Storage and Transport

  20. Seasonal Inoculative Releases • Greenhouses • For natural enemies that do not tolerate cold weather

  21. Steps for Augmentative Releases • Identification of a market • Identification of right strain • Develop a method for mass production • Develop of storage methods • Develop of methods for transport • Develop release methods and dosages

  22. Macroorganism Strain

  23. Microorganism Strain

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