IA Samples

1. IA Samples • In groups of 4 or 5 read the sample. • Come to a consensus as to what grade each student should receive for each section based on the rubric and add the marks together. • Come up with a list of strengths and weaknesses of the paper.

2. Group Roles • Moderator • Reporter • Recorder • Time keeper

3. Latin America 1900-1950 Background

4. IB Objectives • Latin America’s responses to the Depression: either Vargas or the Concordancia in Argentina; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) or any relevant case study of a Latin American country

5. Lecture Outline • Latin America 1900-1950 A. Industrialization B. Effects of WWI C. Effects of Industrialization D. Populist leaders E. Great Depression F. Effects of WWII

6. Key Terms • Populism • Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)

7. Foreign Intervention • U.S. and Europe continued to dominate the economy of Latin America with the U.S. gradually replacing Britain as the primary economic and political power in the region.

8. Industrialization • Reinforced the 19th century trend towards urbanization, the decline of small family farms and craftsmen, and the growth of the urbanized middle and unskilled working classes. • Was limited to light consumer goods

9. Effects of WWI • WWI seriously disrupted the traditional import-export markets of Latin America. As a result, some local capital and labor were diverted from agriculture to manufacturing in an effort to supply missing goods.

10. Role of the military • Industrialization decreased the power of the landed elite so they often turned to the military to preserve their interests. • Most military officers were of the middle class but their primary concerns were social order and strengthening the nation.

11. Role of the military • The army’s support would be thrown to either the traditional oligarchy or to the new urban nationalists depending on the officers’ perception of which of the two groups could secure order and progress.

12. Populist Leaders • To gain political power the new urbanized upper and middle classes were forced to join with other alienated groups. • These populist groups typically pursued programs that included limited agrarian reform, greater social expenditures, tariffs, industrialization, and expansion of rights.

13. Populist leaders • Often used nationalism and a resentment of the U.S. as political tools to attack the traditional import-export power structure. • In the hacienda and foreign businesses populist politicians has highly visible enemies.

14. The Great Depression • Convinced Latin American nationalists that exporting raw materials and importing finished goods put Latin America at a permanent economic disadvantage. • After the Depression nationalists argued that the development of a manufacturing base would make their economies more self-sustaining and stable.

15. Effects of WWII • Increased demand for Latin American goods which allowed Latin American countries to pay off their debts and accumulate capital for investment in industrialization.

16. ISI • Industrialization by substituting domestically produced products for imports. • State placed protective tariffs on the imports it planned to replace. • Protected industries were given low interest loans and guaranteed prices.

17. Effects of ISI • Massive expansion of state’s involvement in the economy • Dramatic increase in a country’s budget. • High prices on locally produced goods • Sluggish industrial output • Mounting foreign debts • Persistent inflation

18. Effects of ISI • Increased urbanization; During the 1950s the urban population of Latin America grew at an annual rate of 4.5%, while rural areas only grew at a rate of 1.5%. By 1960 about 46% of Latin America’s population lived in urban areas. • Decrease in farm production

19. BBF 250-256 • Populism • Getulio Vargas • Juan Peron

20. Born in Blood and Fire p.217-229 • Nationalism • Jose Battle y Ordonez • Hipolito Yrigoyen • Import Substitution Industrialization