LEMBAGA PENERBANGAN DAN ANTARIKSA NASIONAL INDONESIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE

1. “FireWatch Indonesia: Information and Communication Technology Collaboration Plan” Orbita Roswintiarti Natural Resources and Environmental Monitoring Division Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space http://www.rs.lapan.go.id/SIMBA Presented at the “Inter-Agency Collaboration for Improved Use of ICT for Strategic and Effective Forest Fire Fighting in Indonesia” Workshop Jakarta, 3 September 2007 LEMBAGA PENERBANGAN DAN ANTARIKSA NASIONAL INDONESIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE

2. Land/Forest Fire vs ENSO The land/forest fires in Indonesia occur every year, while the severe fires often associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.

3. ENSO vs Global Warming • El Niño events have become more frequent as the global temperature anomalies associated with each El Niño continue to increase. • The warmer conditions have been linked to higher concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Source: NCDC/NOAA

4. Economic impact: Damage and decline in the quality of forest growing stock Reduced landscape stability Increased proneness to pest and diseases Reduced availability of forest-based raw material supplies Loss of material goods and services Affected agricultural productivity and tourism etc. Environmental impact: Contribute to global climate change and warming Haze: Reduced visibility, transport disruption, and health hazards etc. Ecological impact: Degradation of vegetation quality Erosion of biodiversity Damage to the health of the forest ecosystem Plant mortality Loss of wildlife habitat and wildlife Pollution in rivers and estuaries etc. Social impact: Displacement of communities Loss of income sources Dwindling livelihood opportunities etc. Impacts of the Land/Forest Fire Source: Fire, Smoke and Haze –The ASEAN Response Strategy (2001)

5. Prevention - Information and Communication • Prevention is the easiest and cheapest way to suppress a fire before it starts. • One of the Prevention components is providing the early warning and monitoring of weather, vegetation greenness, fire danger, fire spotting, air quality conditions, etc. • The occurrence of the land/forest fire could not be avoided, but its impacts could be lessened. This is because the Prevention information could be measured, therefore the land/forest fire could be managed. • For effective Prevention, information on fire and haze forecasting and monitoring should be deliveredthrough reliable and fast communication system and facility.

6. Current Problems • Most of the satellite data receivers in Indonesia do not operate optimal. • Most of the data processing are done manually. • Different fire detection algorithms resulted different information. • Although data and information are spread among various institutions (inside and outside Indonesia), they often cannot be communicated in time when needed.

7. Existing Fire-related Information • LAPAN: http://www.rs.lapan.go.id/SIMBA • Ministry of Forestry (MoF): • http://ewds-ffpmp2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/ewds/menu/eindex.htm • Meteorological and Geophysical Agency (BMG): http://www.bmg.go.id

8. Existing Fire-related Information • Malaysian Meteorological Service (MMS): • http://www.kjc.gov.my/htdocs3/english/service/climate/fdrs1_x.html • ASEAN Specialized Meteorological Centre (ASMC): • http://intranet.mssinet.gov.sg/asmc/asmc.html • ASEAN Secretariat: http://www.haze-online.or.id

9. Existing Fire-related Information • Sentinel Asia: http://dmss.tksc.jaxa.jp/sentinel/ • NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS): http://maps.geog.umd.edu/firms • Global Fire Monitoring Center: http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/

10. Objective of FWI FireWatch Indonesia (FWI) is designed as the online web delivery system of fire-related information, which its objective is to strengthen the land/forest fire management in Indonesia. Roles of the collaborating agencies are: • Providers of satellite information products (LAPAN, MoF, MoE) • Providers of spatial and meteorological data (Bakosurtanal, BMG, LAPAN) • Users for Fire Fighting or Environmental Assessment (MoE, MoF, DoA) • Users for Emergency Management (Bakornas PB) • Policy formulation (MoE and MoF) • Legal services to counter illegal burning and clearing (MoE) • Technologies for improvement of bandwidth and internet access (UPN, ITB, Min. of Comm. and Info, Min. of Research and Tech.) • Training Support (Landgate, UPN, each Collaborating Agency)

11. Proposed FWI Products Daily and monthly information of different scale levels: • Fire Danger Rating System • Greenness Vegetation Cover • Fire Hotspot • Smoke Dispersion • Burnt Scar Area • True Color Imagery • Forest/Land Cover Change • Others: • Meteorological data • DEM SRTM (90 m, 30 m) • Administrative: cities, province/regency boundaries, etc. • Infrastructure: roads, rivers, etc.

12. FWI will adopt FireWatch Australia, especially in: Open Source/Low-cost software usage. Fully automatic for 24 hours x 7 days operation. Automatic email, fax, and sms delivery options. Proposed FWI System

13. Basis of the Collaboration Plan • Spatial Information: • Basic Maps: • Topographic maps: roads, settlements, and infrastructure • Thematic maps: land use/cover • etc. • Near real-time maps: • Hotspot: NOAA AVHRR, Terra/Aqua MODIS, MTSAT-1R • Burnt scar area: NOAA AVHRR, Terra/Aqua MODIS • Smoke dispersion • Vegetation Index • False color images • Cloud cover • Meteorological data: rainfall, wind speed/direction, temperature • etc.

14. Basis of the Collaboration Plan – Cont. • Organization of the Spatial Information: • Each Collaborating Agency (CA) may operates its own internet delivery. • Each CA may use the delivery options (email, fax, sms) provided by FWI. • Each CA will provide internet or digital access to such of its own spatial data deemed necessary for FWI and the reverse. • Each CA will have internet access to the spatial data held by the FWI for their own sites.

15. Remote Sensing Data (from various sources) RF-n RF-1 RF-2 FWI Server CA-n CA-1 RF: Receiving and Processing Facility CA: Collaborating Agency : High–speed internet access CA-4 CA-2 CA-3 Proposed FWI Communication System

16. Benefit from Collaboration • Free exchange of data between Indonesian Agencies via internet and other ICT. • Enhanced bandwidth and regional internet access through new technologies. • Automation of processing and delivery for 24 x 7 operation. • Exchange of ideas, expertise and research results. • Increased skills for web development and services. • Access to better and new sources of Spatial Information. • Access to Indonesian Fire Hotspot algorithms and Smoke Dispersion Model output. • etc.

17. Training to support FWI • Training courses for AusAID PSPL2 in 2007 including web development (MoF, MoE, and LAPAN). • Training through AusAID Fellowships over 2008, 2009, 2010 covering: • Fire Monitoring - Generating Fire Hot Spot Maps to Pinpoint Forest Fires Training • Automatic Delivery of Fire Hot Spot Maps to Remote Locations Training • Strategic Fire Fighting Using Fire Hot Spot Maps Training • Forest Monitoring – Developing Forest Status Maps to Detect Forest Change and Pinpoint Areas of Deforestation Training • Early Warning System using Satellite Monitoring to Detect Illegal Logging / Forest Clearing Training. • New Training and development opportunities for: • Satellite monitoring for Flood and Food Security for paddy fields. • Landslides and Earthquakes. • AusAID Scholarships to study for MSc and PhD at Curtin University, University of Western Australia or Murdoch University. • Development of FWI training by Landgate, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional, each Collaborating Agency.

18. Thank You