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Introduction to the Periodic Table

Introduction to the Periodic Table. Dmitri Mendeleev. The elements were first arranged in the periodic ta ble in 1869 by Dmitri Mendeleev.

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Introduction to the Periodic Table

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  1. Introduction to the Periodic Table

  2. Dmitri Mendeleev • The elements were first arranged in the periodic table in 1869 by Dmitri Mendeleev. • By arranging all of the 63 elements then known by their atomic weights, he managed to organize them into groups possessing similar properties. Where a gap existed in the table, he predicted a new element would one day be found and deduced its properties.

  3. Periods Periods are horizontal rows.

  4. Groups Groups are vertical columns.

  5. Metals

  6. Physical Properties of Metals • Conduct heat & electricity • Malleable • Ductile • Lustrous • Almost all metals are solid at normal temperatures.

  7. Nonmetals

  8. Physical Properties of Nonmetals • Brittle • Not lustrous • Poor conductors of heat & electricity • Many nonmetals are gaseous at normal temperatures (N, O, Cl, Ne) • One nonmetal is liquid at normal temperatures (Br) • Several nonmetals are solid at normal temperatures (C, P, S)

  9. Metalloids or semimetals

  10. Physical Properties of Metalloids • Show a mixture of metallic & nonmetallic properties • They have an intermediate level of conductivity and thus they make good semiconductors

  11. Alkali metals

  12. Alkali metals • Silvery colored • They are soft, and can be easily cut with a knife to expose a shiny surface which dulls on oxidation. • Highly reactive • Low melting temperatures • Low boiling temperatures • Low densities

  13. Alkaline earth metals

  14. Alkaline earth metals • Metals • Shiny, silvery-white color • Highly reactive

  15. Transition metals

  16. Transition metals • Lustrous metallic appearance • Many of their compounds are colored • Good conductors of heat & electricity • High melting points • High boiling points

  17. Halogens

  18. Halogens • All halogens exist as diatomic molecules • F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, At2

  19. Noble Gases

  20. Noble Gases • Noble gases are Inert – which means that they are unreactiveand do not readily combine with atoms of other elements • Noble gases are monatomic gases • Noble gases boil at low temperatures

  21. Lanthanides

  22. Actinides

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