1 / 31

Introduction to the Periodic Table

Introduction to the Periodic Table. Chapter 3. Objectives 3.1. Outline the steps in the historic development of the periodic table Predict similarities in properties of the elements by using the periodic table. Key Terms 3.1. Group (columns) Period (rows)

zeno
Download Presentation

Introduction to the Periodic Table

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to the Periodic Table Chapter 3

  2. Objectives 3.1 • Outline the steps in the historic development of the periodic table • Predict similarities in properties of the elements by using the periodic table.

  3. Key Terms 3.1 • Group (columns) • Period (rows) • Periodic law (atoms arranged by increasing atomic number)

  4. Historical Perspective • Mendeleev credited with being the first to organize the periodic table (same guy who did the punnett square) • Really smart guy, left blanks in where he thought (knew) that another element would be discovered and predicted the properties of the element • Organized by mass • Modern organized by atomic number

  5. Development of Periodic Table Mendeleev, for instance, predicted the discovery of germanium (which he called eka-silicon) as an element with an atomic weight between that of zinc and arsenic, but with chemical properties similar to those of silicon.

  6. Historical Perspective • The periodic table is organized by groups. • Each group has similar properties (vertical columns) • Oxygen is similar to Sulfur is similar to Selenium • This is all because of having similar valence structures (which are again the electrons which do the interacting)

  7. Mendeleev’s table

  8. Development of Periodic Table • Elements in the same group generally have similar chemical properties. • Properties are not identical, however.

  9. Development of Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer independently came to the same conclusion about how elements should be grouped.

  10. End 3.1 Notes. Can you? • Predict which elements share similar properties to Oxygen (O)? • Summarize how the periodic table is organized? • Compare how Mendeleev organized his table to the modern table?

  11. Chapter 3.2 Objectives • Relate an element's valence electron structure to its position in the periodic table • Compare and contrast properties of metals, non-metals, and metalloids. • Use the periodic table to identify elements as metals, non-metals, and metalloids • Learn about 4 special families in the periodic table with associated properties

  12. Metal Nonmetal Metalloid Semiconductor Conductor Insulator Transition Elements Lanthanide Actinide Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Halogens Noble Gases Key Terms 3.2

  13. Periodic Table

  14. Metals

  15. Properties of Metals • Luster • Conductors (Heat/Electrons) • Malleable • Ductile • Most are solid at room temperature • Loosely held valence electrons

  16. Nonmetals

  17. Properties of Nonmetals • Insulators • Brittle • Dull • Many are gases at room temperature • Tightly held valence electrons

  18. Semi-metals or Metalloids

  19. Metalloids • Have properties of both • Instead of thinking an element is purely a metal or only a nonmetal, think of the periodic table as a spectrum. • Lower left is the best metal, as you move towards the top right, you lose your metal properties and become more of a nonmetal • Metalloids are in the middle • What metal and nonmetal properties does Gold have?

  20. Properties of Metal, Nonmetals,and Metalloids

  21. Alkali Metals One Word: First Column

  22. Alkaline Earth Metals Two Words: Second Column

  23. Halogens (Name: Salt Maker)

  24. Noble Gases (Inert Gases)

  25. Lanthanide and Actinide

  26. Transition Metals

  27. Random info on following slides

  28. Human Body Chemistry • Table 3-1. Estimated Atomic Compositionof the Lean 70-kg Male Human Body(compiled & adapted from [749, 751-752, 817]) • The human body consists of ~7 x 10^27 atoms arranged in a highly aperiodic physical structure. Although 41 chemical elements are commonly found in the body's construction (Table 3-1), CHON comprises 99% of its atoms. Fully 87% of human body atoms are either hydrogen or oxygen.

  29. Human Body Chemistry • Calcium: Bones, teeth; essential for blood clotting and muscle contraction • Phosphorus: bones, teeth; component of nucleic acids (DNA) • Potassium: Present as K+ in all body fluids, essential for nerve action • Sulfur: Component of proteins, essential for blood clotting

  30. Human Body Chemistry • Chlorine: Present as Cl- in all body fluids, important to maintaining salt balance • Sodium: Present as Na+ in all body fluids, essential for muscle and nerve action • Magnesium: In bones and teeth, essential for muscle action • CHNO make up over 99% of our body

More Related