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A. Introduction to the Periodic Table

A. Introduction to the Periodic Table. Most elements are metals and occur on the left side. The nonmetals appear on the right side. Metalloids are elements that have some metallic and some nonmetallic properties. A. Introduction to the Periodic Table.

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A. Introduction to the Periodic Table

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  1. A. Introduction to the Periodic Table • Most elements are metals and occur on the left side. • The nonmetals appear on the right side. • Metalloids are elements that have some metallic and some nonmetallic properties.

  2. A. Introduction to the Periodic Table • The periodic table shows all of the known elements in order of increasing atomic number.

  3. A. Introduction to the Periodic Table • The periodic table is organized to group elements with similar properties in vertical columns. • The group number represents the number of electrons in the outermost shell i.e. the valence electrons • The period number represents the number of shells.

  4. A. Introduction to the Periodic Table • Physical Properties of Metals • Efficient conduction of heat and electricity • Malleability (can be hammered into thin sheets) • Ductility (can be pulled into wires) • A lustrous (shiny) appearance

  5. B. Natural States of the Elements • Diatomic Molecules Nitrogen gas contains N2 molecules. Oxygen gas contains O2 molecules.

  6. B. Natural States of the Elements • Diatomic Molecules

  7. B. Natural States of the Elements • Elemental Solids Carbon atoms Diamond Graphite Buckminsterfullerene

  8. A. Ions • Atoms can form ions by gaining or losing electrons. • Metals tend to lose one or more electrons to form positive ions called cations. • Cations are generally named by using the name of the parent atom.

  9. A. Ions • Nonmetals tend to gain one or more electrons to form negative ions called anions. • Anions are named by using the root of the atom name followed by the suffix –ide.

  10. A. Ions Ion Charges and the Periodic Table • The ion that a particular atom will form can be predicted from the periodic table. • Elements in Group 1 and 2 form 1+ and 2+ ions, respectively • Group 7 atoms form anions with 1- charges • Group 6 atoms form anions with 2- charges

  11. A. Ions Ion Charges and the Periodic Table

  12. B. Compounds That Contain Ions • Ions combine to form ionic compounds. • Properties of ionic compounds • High melting points • Conduct electricity • If melted • If dissolved in water

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