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Tang and Song Dynasties, Mongol Invasions, and Ming Dynasty

Tang and Song Dynasties, Mongol Invasions, and Ming Dynasty. Achievements – Pre- Tang Dynasty. Built the Grand Canal, which connected the Yellow River in the north and the Yangzi River in the south Farmers and merchants in the south (rice) used the canal to connect to the North

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Tang and Song Dynasties, Mongol Invasions, and Ming Dynasty

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  1. Tang and Song Dynasties,Mongol Invasions, and Ming Dynasty

  2. Achievements – Pre- Tang Dynasty • Built the Grand Canal, which connected the Yellow River in the north and the Yangzi River in the south • Farmers and merchants in the south (rice) used the canal to connect to the North • Government and military officials could travel and control citizens • Many died while building the canal

  3. Pre-Tang Dynasty (Sui Dynasty) -Achievements • Repaired and lengthened the Great Wall • Provided security from Northern invaderswhich allowed cultural and economic growth • Many died while building the wall, and buried among the bricks: giving it the nickname “The world’s longest cemetery”

  4. Tang Dynasty • 618-907 CE: Golden Age of culture • China was the richest most powerful country in the world

  5. Tang Dynasty-Government:Aristocracy • Used civil service exams but….. • The aristocrats (gentry) – the wealthy landowning class – got most jobs • Civil service exams favored aristocrats

  6. Tang Dynasty-Government • Only dynasty to have a female emperor: Empress Wu Chao • Ruled with an iron fist: if anyone threatened her, they risked being killed

  7. Tang Dynasty-Military • One of the biggest empires in Chinese history • Stretched from inner Mongolia in the north, to Vietnam in the south to Korea in the east, to Kashmir in the west

  8. Tang Dynasty-Economics • Reopened the silk road- a system for trade, travel, communication, exchange of ideas • From China to the West: silk, porcelain, jade, tea, paper, printing, farming methods, weapons • From the West to China: glass, rugs, horses, silver, medicine, spices, Christianity, Islam

  9. Tang Dynasty-Economics • Equal Field System- redistributed land • Citizens were classified into ranks and land was given equally to members of various ranks • Citizens paid taxes on how much land they received • Government benefited from increased number of taxpayers, limited power of rural aristocrats, and loyalty of peasants who got land • Benefited commoners and peasants by giving them a chance to gain wealth

  10. Tang Dynasty-Religion • Buddhism very popular in beginning but Tang leaders based their government on Confucian ideals and feared the growing power of Buddhists • Confucian Tang ruler, Wu Zong, repressed Buddhism. • He burned texts, took lands from Buddhist temples, destroyed many temples and turned others into schools.

  11. Tang Dynasty-Culture • Chinese culture flourished during this period • Tang artists and poets were influenced by Daoism and stressed the beauty, power, harmony, and peace of nature • Li Bo and Du Fu-very famous Chinese poets and Wu Daozi- famous artist lived at this time • Made amazing objects in clay • Even government officials painted, wrote, studied poetry, and made pottery

  12. Song Dynasty • 960-1279 CE • Song China was limited to provinces south of the Great Wall

  13. Song Dynasty -Government • Strengthened the system of meritocracy • Started ruling according to Confucian beliefs: • 1. Scholarly class of civil servants • 2.Stablility and harmony in social order can only result from respecting hierarchies • People joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations-this ensured only intelligent and talented people became civil servants

  14. Song Dynasty-Government • Tests very difficult - though rare, people from lower classes could become officials • Only 2-10% of test takers would reach the final test and receive a position in govt. • If you passed you became a scholar official- an educated member of the government • Scholar officials were consideredelitemembers of society and were highly respected and admired for their knowledge and ethics

  15. Song Dynasty-FARMING • Chinese farming excelled • New Irrigation techniques, Dug underground wells, Dragon Backbone pump-light portable pump that allowed farmers to scoop up water and pour it into a canal • Discovery of fast ripening rice= 2 or 3 harvests a year • Began growing tea, cotton

  16. Song Dynasty-Economy • Merchants also became wealthy by selling the surplus crops to cities and neighboring areas such as Korea, Japan, Persia, Arab world and East Africa • Invented paper money-first time in history merchants didn’t have to carry bags of coins • Power of merchant class and importance of citiesrose

  17. INVASION OF THE MONGOLS • Mongols: Genghis Khan • Skilled warriors (used gunpowder and cannons) • Nomadic in Central Asia • Horsemen

  18. Expansion of Mongol Territory • See map on p.309 in textbook • Pax Mongolica – economic growth and cultural exchange

  19. Reign of Kublai Khan • Yuan Dynasty (1271 – 1368) • Built a giant palace in Cambaluc (Beijing) • Welcomed foreign visitors Ibn Battuta (African) Marco Polo (Venetian)

  20. MARCO POLO • Describes Kublai Khan’s palace as “the greatest palace there ever was.” This is a drawing of the palace

  21. Ming Dynasty • Restored meritocracy – civil service exams • Economic expansion – rice farming; porcelain making; printing; canal repairing; landscape painting; poetry writing; novels; Chinese opera…

  22. Voyages of Zheng He • In 1405, sailed throughout Asia and Africa • Ships 400ft long • Showed many the power of China

  23. The Forbidden City • Forbidden City Built 1406-1420 • It is the imperial palace (where the emperors live)

  24. China Turned Inward • 1433 • Zheng He died • Ming emperor banned ship making – traveling and sailing declined • Confucian leaders looked at bettering China, rather than abroad

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