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BLOOD

BLOOD. Functions of Blood. Transportation oxygen and carbon dioxide nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes heat Regulation pH through buffer systems body temperature osmotic pressure within cells Protection clot blood Fight disease. Components of Blood.

carla-wong
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BLOOD

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  1. BLOOD

  2. Functions of Blood • Transportation • oxygen and carbon dioxide • nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes • heat • Regulation • pH through buffer systems • body temperature • osmotic pressure within cells • Protection • clot blood • Fight disease

  3. Components of Blood • Plasma = straw colored liquid portion • Water = 92% • Solutes – electrolytes, hormones, gases, etc. = 8% • Formed Elements = Blood Cells • Erythrocytes • Leukocytes • Thrombocytes

  4. Plasma and Serum • Plasmapheresis: separates plasma from blood cells • Serum --when blood clotting factors are removed

  5. Hematopoiesis • Production of blood cells • occurs in red bone marrow • From stem cells called Hemocytoblasts • Erythropoietin produced in the kidneys starts new RBCs (see pg 372)

  6. Erythrocytes (RBC’s) • Carry Hemoglobin --gives whole blood it’s red color • Have no nucleus • Live about 120 days

  7. Hemoglobin • Heme = iron – contains 4 per globin –gives blood it’s color • Globin = protein ( carries some CO2)

  8. Leukocytes (WBC’s) • main function protection from foreign particles • Two Main Types: • Granulocytes • Agranulocytes

  9. Granulocytes • Neutrophils • Phagocytes – most numerous • Eosinophils • Removes allergens, reduces inflammation, increase with virus • Basophils • promotes inflammation by secreting histamines • Heparin to prevent blood clotting

  10. Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes • produce antibodies T and B cells) • Monocytes • become Macrophages • Large “large eaters”

  11. Thrombocytes (Platelets) • Clot blood (hemostasis) and repair damaged blood vessels • life span of about 5 to 9 days

  12. Hemostasis • mechanism by which bleeding is stopped • Three Basic Mechanisms • Vascular Spasms • Platelet Plug Formation • Coagulation (Clotting)

  13. Vascular Spasm • contraction of the smooth muscles in the vascular walls of a damaged blood vessel • reflexes from pain receptors

  14. Platelet Plug Formation • Platelet Adhesion = platelets contact and stick to walls of damaged vessels • Platelet Release Reaction = platelets extend projections and release content of their granules • Platelet Aggregation = platelets gather in area of wound or injury • forms a Platelet Plug to stop bleeding

  15. Coagulation (Clotting) • Several steps needed for process to work • Intrinsic (within blood) • Extrinsic (within tissues) • forms a Clot = a network of fibrinogen(protein fibers) changes to fibrin

  16. Coagulation • Fibrinogen changed to fibrin

  17. Thrombus and Embolus • Thrombus: stationary clot • Embolus: traveling clot – effects 4 organs – heart, lungs, brain and kidneys • Clot may be blood, gas, fat, wastes, etc.

  18. ABO Blood Typing • each parent contributes antigens (agglutinogens), or lack of antigens to their offspring • O + O = O blood type • A + O and A + A = A blood type • B + O and B + B = B blood type • A + B = AB blood type

  19. Rh Factor • Presence or absence of Protein D on erythrocyte • May effect – mother’s 2nd pregnancy • May cause Hemolytic disease of the newborn.

  20. THE END OF BLOOD

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