College English Integrated Course 1

1. Unit 6 Animal Intelligence Text A What Animals Really Think College English Integrated Course 1

2. 1 Before-reading 2 Global reading While-reading 3 Post-reading 4 Contents • Warm-up • Text-related information • Text organization • Further understanding • Language focus • Difficult sentences • Reading & writing strategies • Time for fun

3. Warm-up Video Q & A 1. What does Dr. Grant believe in raptor intelligence ? 2. It seems that Dr. Grant would not go back to Jurrasic Park any more. Can you guess why? Raptor was capable of sophisticated vocalizations and coordinating. Maybe it is because of the incident.

4. Text-related information Crows – one of the cleverest birds Dolphins Chimpanzees

5. Text-related information Chimpanzees • The close relationship between human beings and chimpanzees. • Being able to make and use tools. • Organizing hunting and Self-awareness

6. BACK Text-related information BACK BACK BACK Chimpanzees An adult chimpanzee’s intelligence is equivalent to the three-year-old child’s

7. BACK Text-related information Dolphins • The dolphin has a developed mind(The number of dolphin brain nerve cells is even more than ours. ) • They have their own languages

8. Text-related information Crows Crows are smart animals. They can use small branches, feathers and other debris as tools for foraging.

9. BACK Text-related information crows are born with the gift of manufacturing.

10. Part division Part I (Para.1- 2 ) Some animals demonstrate intelligence when dealing with captivity and human beings. Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people. Part II (Para. 3-6) Part III (Para. 7-10) Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly. Part IV (Para. 11-12) Animals can sometimes be tricky. Part V (Para. 13) Animal intelligence is meant to serve survival. Text-organization

11. Skimming and Scanning Text-organization Broke the key chain. Fill in the blanks with the information about the animals mentioned in text A and figure out the author’s purposes. 1) Colo: . Author’s purpose: . Animals know how to negotiate with people

12. Skimming and Scanning Text-organization a) Expanded the money supply by breaking plastic chips in two b) found pieces of tin foil and tried to make copies of metal chips Fill in the blanks with the information about the animals mentioned in text A and figure out the author’s purposes. 2) Chantek: ; . Author’s purpose: . Animals can even handle the money

13. Skimming and Scanning Text-organization Allowed somebody to stand on his head to reach up and release the baby Animals can assess the situation and make a right decision. 3) Orky: . Author’s purpose: .

14. Skimming and Scanning Text-organization Hid an orange in her other hand. Hid an orange underneath his foot. Animal intelligence can be seen in their attempts to deceive. 4) Melati: . 5) Towan: . Author’s purpose: .

15. Further understanding A C For Parts 1 & 2 Multiple Choice 1. The author writes this article in order to. A. find out how animals use their intelligence B. find out if animals are as intelligent as human beings C. find out if animals do what human beings tell them to do D. find out if animals can survive better if they are intelligent 2. One thing that is obvious to the author is that . A. animals have their own thinking B. animals do things scientists tell them to do C. animals think for their own purpose if they can think D. animals think when scientists want them to

16. Further understanding B D For Parts 1 & 2 Multiple Choice 3. The author is convinced that when dealing with human beings, animals are . A. less intelligent than expected B. more intelligent than expected C. as stupid as expected D. as intelligent as expected 4. Colo’s example indicates that . A. some animals know quite well how to deceive the keepers B. some animals know quite well how to help the keepers C. some animals know quite well how to handle suspicious objects D. some animals know quite well how to negotiate with the keepers

17. Further understanding C For Parts 1 & 2 Multiple Choice 5. Mile’s experiment to teach Chantek to share things proves to be . A. a great success B. a blunder C. a great failure D. an unwanted thing

18. Further understanding T F Laule believed that Orky, a killer whale, was the most intelligent animal she had ever worked with For Parts 3 & 4 True or False • Behaviorists say that animals cooperate with human beings for their own benefit. ( ) 2. Laule believed that Orky, a killer whale, was the most intelligent animal she has ever seem. ( )

19. Further understanding T F For Parts 3 & 4 True or False 3. Some animals’ intelligence can be seen in their attempts to deceive. ( ) 4. Orky allowed somebody to stand on his head to reach up and release the baby because he had been trained to do so. ( ) Orky let somebody stand on his head to reach up and release the baby, but he had not been trained to do so. 5. Animals can learn from each other in playing some tricks. Towan is a good example. ( ) T

20. Language focus intelligence (L.1) n. 1) ability to learn and understand 智力、理解力、智能 --- The children were given an intelligence test. --- 公司的主营业务是人工智能。 The company’s main business is engaged in artificial intelligence. 2) news, information, esp. with reference to important events 情报 --- A team of scouts was sent out to gather intelligence about the enemy. ---他最终搞到了敌人的计划的秘密情报。 He managed to get the secret intelligence of the enemy’s plans.

21. Language focus controversy(L. 2) n. a lot of discussion and argument about sth., often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval ( followed by over or about) 争议 This is a question that has given rise to much controversy. ---对于他的书的出版引起了激烈的争议。 There is a bitter / heated controversy over the publishing of his books. Collocation: beyond/without controversy 没有争议

22. Language focus encounter (L. 9) vt. 1) meet esp. unexpectedly 遇到、遇见、偶遇 --- There is a fat chance to encounter him at campus. ---他在街上偶然遇见一位老友。 He encountered an old friend in the street. 2) come up against 遭遇、面对 ---The more dangers we encounter, the harder we should push forwards. --- 面对困难时，要保持冷静。 Try to keep calm, when you encounter difficulties.

23. Language focus 确信, 认识到 convince (L.10) vt. Make (sb.) feel certain; cause (sb.) to realize 使确信、使信服 ---We finally convinced the police of our innocence. ---我深信他的诚实 I’m convinced of his honesty. Pattern: be convinced of be convinced that convince sb. of sth. convince oneself of 确信， 承认 使……承认/确信…… 充分弄明白(清楚)

24. Difficult sentences …the kind of mental feats animals perform when dealing with captivity and the dominant species on the planet---- humans. (L.11~12) 1) What do you learn from this sentence? Animals have the abilities to deal with human beings’ captivity though human beings are more intelligent than them. 2) Paraphrase this sentence Animals show great intelligence when they deal with human beings’ captivity even though human beings control and dominate this planet. 3) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 即动物在对付樊笼生活和地球上的主宰物种----人类----时所表现的高超的思维技能。

25. Language focus make a deal(L.13) reach an agreement or arrangement, esp. in business or politics 达成协议、取得一致 ---I will make a deal with you--- you wash the car and I’ll let you use it tonight. ---这家汽车公司已经和一家日本公司达成协议，有日 方提供发动机来交换刹车。 The automobile company has made a deal with a Japanese firm, which will supply engines in exchange for brakes.

26. Difficult sentence Arriving on the scene, Jendry offered Colo some peanuts, only to be met with a blank stare. (L.16~17) How to understand “only to”? It is often used to indicate that sb. does sth. with a disappointing or surprising result. Infinitive “to” functions as a result adverbial. ---He hurried to the railway station, only to find that the train had left. ---He had once tried inviting her out, only to meet with a rather cool response. Exercise: Structure 1 (P.181)

27. Language focus 参讨…… negotiate(L.17) vi. discuss in order to com an agreement 谈判、协商 ---The labor decided to negotiate with the employers about their wage claims. ---政府拒绝和恐怖分子谈判。 The government refused to negotiate with terrorists. Pattern: negotiate for sth. negotiate to do sth. negotiate with sb. 参讨、商量…… 与……参讨

28. Language focus relieve (L.20) vt. Free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc. 减轻、缓解 ---Taking a part-time job would relieve you of the financial burden. ---听说你以安全到达，我们就放心了。 We are relieved to hear that you have arrived safely. Pattern: relieve sb. of sth. 解除某人的(负担等); 减轻某人的(痛苦等)/ [俗]偷去(某物)/ 解除某人(职务)

29. Difficult sentences Colo then broke the key chain and gave Jendry a link, perhaps figuring, why give her the whole thing if I can get a bit of pineapple for each piece? (L21~23) 1)What conclusion can you draw about Colo? Colo is a good bargainer, and this case shows that animals may really have intelligence. 2) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 科洛真是个精明的还价者, 他把钥匙链拉短, 给了延得里一段, 它或许在算计着, 要是每一小段都能换片菠萝, 我干吗要全给她?

30. Difficult sentences Why-clause: why + infinitive without “to” can be used to indicate that an action is unnecessary or useless, and why +not+ infinitive without “to” to make suggestions, as the following: 1. Why give her the whole thing if I can get a bit of pineapple for each piece? (L21~23) 2. Why not (show skill) in handling money? Exercise: Structure 2 (P182)

31. Language focus figure out (L.27) understand, reason out 断定、认出来 ---I can’t figure her out, one minute happy, the next sad. ---我想不出那位戴墨镜的女士是谁？ I could not figure out who the lady with sunglass was.

32. Language focus envy (L.35) vt. Wish that you had a quality or possession that another person has 羡慕、妒嫉 ---I don’t envy you for your journey in this bad weather. ---他突然变成了百万富翁，许多人多羡慕他的好运。 He became a millionaire overnight. Many people envied him for his good luck. Pattern: envy of envy sb./sth. envy sb. sth. envy sb. for sth. 羡慕…… 羡慕 羡慕某人的某事/某物 因某事/某物而羡慕某人

33. Language focus in one’s interest(s) (L.41) for or to one’s advantage 对某人有利/利益 ---The local government has to abandon the plan for a new chemical plant because it is not in the pubic interest. ---尽管这项工作很难，但你承担下来对你会有利的。 It would be in your interests to undertake this task although it’s very difficult. Collocation: lose interest take（an）interest in with interest 失去兴趣 对……感兴趣 有兴趣地, 带利息, 通过某种关系

34. Difficult sentence This is true, but I don’t think it goes far enough. (L 42) 1) Paraphrase this sentence. What behaviorists say is right, but I don’t think their explanation helps very much. 2) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 行为主义者的观点没有错,但我认为这一解释尚不充分.

35. Language focus judgment (L.46） n. 1) opinion about sth. 看法 ---The manager made an unfair judgment of his new secretary’s work. ---在你看来是什么导致学生们考试不及格？ In your judgment, what has caused the students’ failure in the examination?

36. Language focus 2) ability to form valuable opinions and make good decisions 判断力 ---He showed excellent judgment in choosing the wine. ---我很钦佩爸爸的判断力，每件事都听他的建议。 I respect my father’s judgment and always follow any advice he gives me.

37. Language focus at first（L 48） at the beginning 起先 ---Jenny felt tired at first, but soon got used to the hard training. ---一开始天挺热， 但后来变凉了。 At first it was very hot, but then it got cooler.

38. Language focus CF: at first, first & firstly 这三个词（组）都表示“起先、开始”的意思。 at first 用于提及有先后顺序的事物，或事件中的前者。例如： ---起初，我拒绝了他的邀请；但是，两天后，我改变了主意。 I rejected his invitation at first, but I changed my mind two days later. First & firstly用于陈述一系列的原因、观点等，或指在另一特指的时间以前。常于second, secondly, third, thirdly 等连用。例如： ---我必须首先完成作业。 I must finish my homework first.

39. Language focus First/Firstly first at first, first & firstly Fill in the blanks with the above words or phrase and change the form where necessary. 1) () I’d like to tell you some background information, then I’ll explain some difficult sentences in the text. 2) When people get their newspaper, which page do they read ( ) ？ 3) You’ll find it difficult ( ) , but later it’ll get easier. 4) There are two reasons. ( ), there is no evidence that the original documents have been destroyed. Second, Jack saw them the day before yesterday. at first First

40. Language focus go wrong (L.49~50） stop working properly; experience trouble 出错、发生故障 All their plans went wrong. ---因为我的电视再次出现故障，所以我没有看到世界杯开幕式的现场直播。 I didn’t watch the live opening ceremony of the World Cup yesterday because my television went wrong again.

41. Language focus size up (L.54） carefully examine (a situation or person) in order to make a judgment 审问，打量 ---I don’t like the way the sales assistant in that shop sized you up as you walk through the door. ---父亲审查我的男朋友的方式让我感到难堪。 I felt embarrassed by the way my father sized up my boyfriend.

42. Language focus release(L 57)vt. 1) free from something that binds, fastens, or holds back, let go释放、放松 ---Death finally released him from cancer torture. ---动物园的一些动物被从笼里放了出来。 Some animals in the zoo were released from their cages. 2) allow ( news ) to be know or published; allow (a film) to be exhibited or ( goods) to be placed on sale 发表、发行 ---His new novel about September 11 terrorist attack was released last week. ---昨天我买了一些迈克尔．杰克逊最新出的唱片。 I bought some recently released discs of Michael Jackson yesterday.

43. Language focus 欺骗某人 deceive （L60） vt. try to make (sb.) believe sth. that is false 欺骗、蒙骗 You deceived me, and I can’t forgive you. ---他们欺骗老人，让他在文件上签字。 They deceived the old man into signing the papers. Pattern: deceive sb. deceive sb. into (doing) sth. be deceived in sb. 欺骗某人做某事 看错了某人, 对某人感到失望

44. Language focus look sb. in the eye (s)(L63) look directly and steadily at sb. because you are not embarrassed or ashamed 看着某人的 眼睛、直视某人的眼睛 ---I couldn’t look him in the eye afterwards, knowing that I had lost all that money. ---你能看着我说不是你打破玻璃吗？ Can you look me in the eye and say you didn’t break the window?

45. look after look at look back look down on look forward to look into look to sb for sth. look through sb look up to 照看，照顾 检查（尤指仔细查） 回顾 蔑视，看不起 盼望，期待；预期 观察；调查；窥视 依赖、指望 故意视而不见 尊敬，敬仰 Language focus Collocation:

46. Difficult sentences Instead of moving away to get it, Melati looked Shewman in the eye and held out her hand. (L 63~64) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 梅拉蒂没有移动身体去接, 而是眼睛直视休曼, 伸出手 来。

47. Language focus original (L.65) adj. • first or earliest 最初的 The land was returned to the original owner. ---最先的计划优于我们所执行的计划。 The original plan was better than the plan we followed. 2) newly formed or created; not copied or imitated 原创的 -- His story isn’t original, but he got it out of a magazine and made some superficial changes. ---他新买的衬衫是范哲思的原创。 His new bought shirt is an original design of Versace.

48. Language focus survive (L.76) vt. 1) remain alive 活下来 ---A few were killed but most survived in the earthquake. --- 如果不是他的及时帮助我可能活不下来。 I would not survive if it were not for his timely help. 2)continue to live or exist after 幸免于 --- She was the only one to survive the plane crash. ---她在车祸中幸存下来。 She survived the accident.

49. Language focus CF: survive, outlive & outlast 都含有“比别的人或别的物存在的时间长”的意思。 survive指“幸存”，也可以用于指比别一物活得更久。 --- 他们中有10人在海难中幸存下来。 Ten of them survived the shipwreck. outlive指“活得比…长久”，“比（某物）经久”。 --- 小船熬过了暴风雨。 The ship outlived the storm. outlast指“比……耐久”，“比……活得更久”。outlast 经常可与 outlive 互相使用。强调更长时间的延续。 ---他会比我长寿。 He will outlast me.

50. Language focus wipe out(L.77) get rid of or destroy 根除、消灭、抵消 ---The population of the island was almost wiped out by the disease. ---银行同意将他们的债务一笔勾销。 The bank agreed to wipe out their debts.