College English Integrated Course 4

1. Unit 5 Cruelty College English Integrated Course 4 Text A A Friend in Need

2. 1 Before-reading 2 Global reading While-reading 3 Post-reading 4 Contents • Warm-up • Text-related information • Text organization • Further understanding • Language focus • Difficult sentences • Reading & writing strategies • Time for fun

3. Warm-up Video Q & A 1. What happened to Bubba in the Vietnam War? seriously hurt 2. How did Gump save his best friend, Bubba? Risk his life.

4. Text-related information Maugham Maugham, W(illiam) Somerset (1874-1965): English author, whose novels and short stories are characterized by great narrative facility, simplicity of style, and a disillusioned and ironic point of view. Maugham was born in Paris and studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg and at Saint Thomas's Hospital, London. His partially autobiographical novel Of Human Bondage (1915) is generally acknowledged as his masterpiece and is one of the best realistic English novels of the early 20th century. The Moon and Sixpence (1919) is a story of the conflict between the artist and conventional society, based on the life of the French painter Paul Gauguin.

5. Text-related information Other novels are The Painted Veil (1925), Cakes and Ale (1930), Christmas Holiday (1939), The Hour Before the Dawn (1942), The Razor's Edge (1944), and Cataline: A Romance (1948). Among the collections of his short stories are The Trembling of a Leaf (1921), which includes “Miss Thompson,” later dramatized as Rain;Ashenden: or The British Agent (1928); First Person Singular (1931); Ah King (1933); andQuartet (1948). He also wrote satiric comedies — The Circle (1921) and Our Betters (1923) — themelodramaEast of Suez (1922), essays, and two autobiographies.

6. Text-organization Part division It is no easy job to judge people,for they aren’t always what they appear to be. Part I (Para. 1 ) Kind and gentle from his appearance , Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant, appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly. Part I I (Paras 2-3-) As it turned out, Burton was cold-blooded enough to send a friend to certain death. Part III (Para. 4-51)

7. Further understanding Part Three, which constitutes the main plot, can be subdivide into three sections. What Edward knew about Lenny. How Edward responded to Lenny’s request. How Edward, a“kind”gentleman, handled a friend in desperate need of help.

8. Difficult sentences (L. 4-5, Para.1)For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me. 1. What does “for my own part” mean? It means “as far as I am concerned”. 2.Translate the sentence into Chinese. 拿我自己来说，我发现，认识一个人的时间越长， 我就越感到困惑。

9. Difficult sentences (L.8-11,Para.2)Unless I had heard the story from his own lips, I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action. ●Paraphrase the sentence. Difficult sentences If I hadn’t heard the story told by himself, I should never have believed that he could do such a thing. ●This is a subjunctive mood. Go to Exercise: Structure 1 (P.177) ‘unless’)

10. Language focus definite (L. 12) adj.clear; that can’t be doubted 明确的, 确切的 ---We demand a definite answer. 主席让发言的人把话说得更明确些。 ---The chairman asked the speaker to be more definite in his statements. Collocation: a definite success 绝对的成功 definite period of time 确切的时间

11. Language focus in accordance with(L.16) in agreement or harmony with 与~~一致,;按照,依据 ---Some young people are self-centered, which isnot in accordance with Chinese traditional values. 有些年轻人以自我为中心, 这是不合中国传统价值观的.

12. Difficult sentences (L.29-31, Para.3)Here was a man who attracted you because you felt in him a real love for his fellows. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 这个人吸引你,是因为你从他身上感到他对别人的真正的爱。

13. Language focus instinct (L.35) n.a tendency that one is born with to behave in a certain way without reasoning or training 本能,直觉 ---Trust your instincts and do what you think is right. --- 1 knew by instinct that he had come to deliver the exciting news. 我有直觉,他带来了激动人心的消息.

14. Language focus in a way(L.57-58)to a certain extent but not entirely 在某种程度上;从某一点上看 ---The work is well done in a way. I agree with you in a way, but there are still some areas on which I can’t see eye to eye with you.

15. Difficult sentences (L.64-66, Para.16)He stroked his shaven chin with his thin hand; the veins stood out on it and it was almost transparent. ●What do these sentences imply? ● Translate the sentences into Chinese. 他用瘦小的手摸了摸 剃得光光的下巴；手 上青筋鼓起，手白得 几乎透明。 He was very frail. His appearance suggests no hurt. This description of his hand is a proof of what has been mentioned in LL.34-36 that he was very frail and could easily arouse others’ instincts of protection and seemed to be a man who would not bear to hurt a fly.

16. Difficult sentences (L.67-68, Para.17)‘I suppose that is why he came to me when he went broke, that and the fact that he was a namesakeof mine.’ 1)Analyze the structure of the sentence. 2) Translate the sentence into Chinese. I suppose 后接宾语从句;从句中 的主语为that; that and the fact 为前一个that 的同位语，用来进行 补充说明。也就是说,他来找我的原 因有二：一是that (两个that 指代 的是相同的事件),二是the fact that。 大概就是因为这个， 当他落得一文不名的 时候，就来找我了， 再说他和我同姓。

17. Language focus go broke(L.67)have no money; go bankrupt 一文不名的, 破产 ---Many multinational companies went broke during the financial crisis, not to speak of small businesses. 许多跨国公司在经济危机期间都破产了，更不用说小企业了。 ---He invested all his money in stocks; unfortunately he made one wrong choice after another and finally went broke.

18. Language focus stick to (L.80)refuse to abandon or change (sth.)坚持 ---The old man stuck to jogging every morning although he was eighty years old. Collocation: stick to one’s word 遵守诺言 stick to the point 紧扣要点

19. Language focus commit (L.83) vt. do (sth. illegal or wrong) 犯(错误、罪行)，干（坏事） ---commit a crime ---The man was suspected of committing murder.

20. Difficult sentences (L.95-96, Para.30)‘I got some glimmering of what he was driving at. I’ve known too many men who were little tin gods at their university to be impressed by it.’ Translate the sentences into Chinese. • 我听出了一点他话里的意思。上大学时自以为了不起的人我见得多了，我才不吃这套呢。

21. Language focus drive at(L.95) be trying to say 意指，要说 ---I have no idea what you’re driving at. 我不知道你到底什么意思。

22. Language focus current(L.105) • n. continuous flow of water or air in a particular direction • （水、空气等的）流、潮流 Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west. 2. adj.of the present time; happening now 现时的,当前的 ---He doesn’t like the current job, and is planning to quit it.

23. Language focus be taken aback(L.108)be shocked or surprised 吃一惊 ---He was taken aback when a woman answered the phone. 当她发现电脑不见了时她大吃一惊。 ---She was taken aback when she found her computer was gone.

24. Language focus in bad/good condition(L.110)in bad/good health 身体状况不好/好 ---After the surgery he is in good condition now.

25. Language focus turn up (L.121)arrive; make one’s appearance 来到，出现 她做任何事都从不迟到。 ---She never turns up late for everything. ---They didn’t turn up until the end of the discussion.

26. Language focus constitution (L.124) n.condition of a person’s body with regard to health, strength, etc. 体格，体质； 素质 ---A boxer must have a strong constitution. ---Having been trained for several years, he has a particularly tough constitution.

27. Difficult sentences (L.132, Para.51)‘Well, I hadn’t got a vacancy in my Office at the moment.’ What does the sentence imply? He’d never taken seriously the friend’s need for help, or actually he had never thought of giving his poor friend a hand.

28. Language focus vacancy(L.132) n.unfilled position or post 空缺 There are three vacancies in this apartment house. 这家公司的财务部有一个空额。 ---The company has a vacancy in the accounts department. • vacant (房子、座位）空着的； • （职位）空缺的

29. Language focus Useful expressions shrug one’s shoulders 1.耸耸肩 great vanity 2.自大 give sb. a great surprise 3.让某人大吃一惊 from one’s own lips 4.听某人亲口讲述 be neatly and quietly dressed 5.衣着整洁素雅

30. 6.合乎某人的年龄和 身份 in accordance with one’s age and station play bridge 7.玩桥牌 a united and affectionate family 8.和睦恩爱的一家人 in one’s youth 9.年轻时 nod a greeting 10.点头致意

31. have an instinct about … 11.对…有一种本能 pink-and-white cheeks 12.两颊白里透红 give a kindly chuckle 13.和善地咯咯一笑 with a bad/good grace 14.勉强地/欣然地 go broke 15.一文不名

32. be down and out 16.穷困潦倒 commit suicide 17.自杀 on account of 18.由于 be taken aback 19.吃一惊 in bad/good condition 20.身体状况不好/好

33. wish sb. good luck 21.祝某人好运 funk it at the last moment 22.临阵脱逃 23.喝酒作乐把身体搞垮 ruin one’s constitution by drink and dissipation more than one can manage 24.对付不了

34. Reading and writing strategies Maugham, the famous British short story writer, shows us how powerful contrast is in delineating a person's character. Upon first seeing the title, readers may think: "Oh, no. Another story about how people helped their friend in need!" However, when they finish reading it, readers will find it is an entirely different story: Those who appear to be friendly may turn out to be so evil-minded as to be ready to strike a cruel blow at a friend in need.

35. Reading and writing strategies Almost the entire Part II is devoted to the description of Edward Burton's kindly appearance and pleasant manners. Neither the ‘I' in the story nor readers could imagine him hurting a fly. Yet in Part III Burton recounts cold-bloodedly how he destroyed a human life. Part I and Part II are narrated by "I", who offers his subjective opinion of Burton's character. Yet in Part III Burton himself takes over the narration to tell what happened between him and a friend in trouble. He sounds cool and objective; just because of this he is shown to be so vicious and so cold-blooded.

36. Writing strategies How to describe a person 1.Who is he? 2. His physical description 3. His clothing 4. His personality 5. Conclusion

37. Writing strategies Useful Expressions and Patterns 1.He’s tall / medium height / fairly short and heavy / well-built / thin / plump. 2.He’s got a square / broad / narrow / round / long / wrinkled face. 3.He’s got a pointed / double chin. 4.She’s slim. 5.She’s wearing a blue dress and white sandals / a blouse and high-heel shoes / a turtle sweater and a pencil skirt / a blue summer dress / jeans and a jacket / a blue suit.

38. Writing strategies Useful Expressions and Patterns 6.She’s got short curly / straight shoulder-length / wavy medium length / long wavy hair. 7.He’s got short blond straight hair and blue eyes. 8.She makes a lasting impression on everyone she meets. 9.He looks serious, but he’s very funny in class. 10.Appearance is deceptive. 11.A fair face may hide a foul heart. 12.A good face is a letter of recommendation.

39. Example Write a passage about a person you are familiar with. Sago is one of my classmates. He is a young man of medium height and build and he is a little on the chubby side. He has curly black hair, a round face with a small chin, and a fair complexion. His most outstanding feature is his eyes. They are very dark and alive, with long lashes, and they seem to be smiling at you all the time. This gives him the appearance of being very good-natured or up to some mischief. Sago speaks very quickly but in a soft voice. He has a keen wit and enjoys a good joke. He is a very intelligent student, but he doesn’t always pay attention in class. Sometimes he writes in class, and sometimes he clicks his ball-point pen or taps his pencil on the desk. But he soon settles down to work again. Sago gets along well with the other students and most of them like him very much.

40. Time for fun Proverbs and Quotations 1. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人生没有朋友, 犹如人生没有太阳。 2.Shared joy is double joy and shared sorrow is half sorrow. 同乐则乐倍之, 分忧则忧半之。 3.Beauty is but skin deep. 不可以貌取人。

41. Proverbs and Quotations 4.He that will not allow his friend to share the prize must not expect him to share the danger. -- Aesop, Ancient Greek fable writer 不肯让朋友共享果实的人，不要指望朋友与他共患难。 -- 古希腊寓言作家 伊索 5.It is not enough to help the feeble up, but to support him after. -- William Shakespeare, British dramatist 仅仅把弱者扶起来是不够的，还要在他站起来之后支持他。 -- 英国剧作家 W. 莎士比亚

42. Proverbs and Quotations 6.Some components of a thriving friendship are honesty, naturalness, thoughtfulness, some common interests. -- Ralph Waldo Emerson, American thinker 确保友谊常青的诸要素是：诚实、朴实自然、体贴和某些共同的兴趣。 -- 美国思想家 R. W. 爱默生

43. Thank You!