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GRAVE

GRAVE. 400 yards above elementary school…. (Mitchell). …2.8 billion gallons of toxic waste. (Mitchell). Class C facility. (Mitchell). http://e360.yale.edu/content/feature.msp?id=2198. “Those mountains are a part of us. When I look at them, I know there is a creator”.

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GRAVE

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  1. GRAVE

  2. 400 yards above elementary school… (Mitchell)

  3. …2.8 billion gallons of toxic waste (Mitchell)

  4. Class C facility (Mitchell)

  5. http://e360.yale.edu/content/feature.msp?id=2198

  6. “Those mountains are a part of us. When I look at them, I know there is a creator” -Janice Nease, Kayford, West Virginia, qtd. in Motavalli

  7. 3 million pounds of explosives (Motavalli)

  8. sense of powerlessness and depression • -Kriesky

  9. “People raise millions to save whales and walruses and birds, but the state doesn’t lift a hand to save the most precious thing in the world, a person’s way of life” -Patricia Bragg, resident of small town near MTR site, qtd. in Barry 122

  10. Hands On Project

  11. Stream Clean-Up Maple Sugaring Festival

  12. Works Cited • Barry, Joyce. “Mountaineers Are Always Free?: An Examination of the Effects of Mountaintop Removal in West Virginia.” Women’s Studies Quarterly 29.1/‌2 (2001): 116-130. JSTOR. Web. 1 Mar. 2011. <http://www.jstor.org>. • McQuaid, John. “Mining the Mountains.” Smithsonian Magazine Jan. 2009: n. pag. Smithsonian Magazine. Web. 30 Mar. 2011. <http://www.smithsonianmag.com/‌science-nature/‌Mining-the-Mountain.html?c=y&page=3>. • - - -. “Mountaintop Mining Legacy: Destroying Appalachian Streams.” Yale Environment 360. Yale U, 20 July 2009. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. <http://e360.yale.edu/‌content/‌feature.msp?id=2172>. • Lindsey, Rebecca. “Coal Controversy in Appalachia.” Earth Observatory. Ed. Paul Przyborski. NASA, 21 Dec. 2007. Web. 15 Mar. 2011. <http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/‌Features/‌MountaintopRemoval>. • Mitchell, John G. “When Mountains Move.” National Geographic Mar. 2006: n. pag. National Geographic. Web. 11 Mar. 2011. <http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/‌2006/‌03/‌mountain-mining/‌mitchell-text/‌1>.  • Motavalli, Jim. “Once there was a mountain: ravaging West Virginia for ‘clean coal.’” E: The Environmental Magazine Nov.-Dec. 2007: 34-40. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 25 Feb. 2011. <http://find.galegroup.com/>. • Kriesky, Jill, Ph.D. “Introduction.” Research in Appalachia: What Are the Impacts of Mining the Mountains? Wheeling: Wheeling Jesuit University, n.d. 1-4. Wheeling Jesuit University. Web. 11 Mar. 2011. <https://www.wju.edu/‌ai/‌researchinapp.pdf>. • Stevens, Chad A, Roger Cohn, and Brian Storm, prod. Leveling Appalachia: The Legacy of Mountaintop Removal Mining. MediaStorm, 2008. Yale Environment 360. Web. 16 May 2011. <http://e360.yale.edu/‌content/‌feature.msp?id=2198>.

  13. WorksConsulted • Birchard, Zackary. “The Role of Emotional Energy in the Struggle of Southern West Virginians Living Adjacent to Mountaintop Removal Sites.” Water Quality in Southern West Virginia Communities Adjacent to Mountaintop Removal Sites. Wheeling: Wheeling Jesuit University, n.d. 4-5. Wheeling Jesuit University. Web. 11 Mar. 2011. <https://www.wju.edu/‌ai/‌researchinapp.pdf>.  • Blackburn, Justin K. Blue Ridge Mountains. N.d. JKB Kentucky Photography. Justin K. Blackburn, n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. <http://www.jkbkyphotography.com/‌albums/‌in_the_mountains/>. • George, Robert F., Ph.D. “The Role of Emotional Energy in the Struggle of Southern West Virginians Living Adjacent to Mountaintop Removal Sites.” Research in Appalachia: What Are the Impacts of Mining the Mountains? Wheeling: Wheeling Jesuit University, n.d. 10-12. Wheeling Jesuit University. Web. 11 Mar. 2011. <https://www.wju.edu/‌ai/‌researchinapp.pdf>. • House, Silas. “My Polluted Kentucky Home.” New York Times 20 Feb. 2011, sec. 11L: n. pag. Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 1 Mar. 2011. <http://ic.galegroup.com/>.  • Palmer, M. A., et al. “Mountaintop Mining Consequences.” Science 8 Jan. 2010: 148-149. Print.  • Porterfield, Mannix. “Manchin seeking new message for state signs.” The Register-Herald, Beckley, West Virginia. N.p., 5 Sept. 2007. Web. 16 May 2011. <http://www.register-herald.com/‌local/‌x519085621/‌Manchin-seeking-new-message-for-state-signs/‌print>. • Reece, Erik. Lost Mountain. New York: Riverhead, 2006. Print. • Walker Machinery Co. “Mountaintop Mining: Viewpoint.” WV Coal. West Virginia Coal Association, 2009. Web. 21 Mar. 2011. <//www.wvcoal.com/‌attachments/‌909_WALKER%20MMV%20LOW%20RES.pdf>.

  14. Works Cited Images • Amos, John E. WV power plant. 30 Aug. 2009. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 12 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/86676407@N00/3946685535>. • Blackburn, Justin K. Blue Ridge Mountains. N.d. JKB Kentucky Photography. Justin K. Blackburn, n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. <http://www.jkbkyphotography.com/albums/in_the_mountains/>. • Bobcatnorth. Glace Bay Coal Mine Tour. 21 Aug. 2005. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 12 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/bobcatnorth/56977983/>. • Clement, Rich. Activists dump 1000 lbs. of coal waste at EPA headquarters. 13 Sept. 2010. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 10 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/rainforestactionnetwork/4986930606/>. • Clement, Rich. Appalachia Rising. 27 Sept. 2010. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 16 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/rainforestactionnetwork/5030860798/in/set-72157624921729597>. • Dalrymple, John. Dragline and Cat. 29 Apr. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 8 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/18178408@N00/476568055>. • Davis, T. Osprey. 30 June 2010. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 6 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/13556071@N04/4770755910>. • Dawson, John. Windmills. 26 Oct. 2008. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 12 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/jmd41280/2976336660/>. • "Delaware." Chart. Mapsof.net. Maps of the World, 2011. Web. 1 May 2011. <http://mapsof.net/delaware/static-maps/png/delaware-relief-map>. • Fink, Eric. Smith River Brown Trout. 5 Apr. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 6 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/57443731@N00/4127049878>. • Griffith, Dot. Deformities. 7 Mar. 2010. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 1 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/4414169539/>. • iLoveMountains.org. Fail. 21 Oct. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 8 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/4614840552/>.

  15. Works Cited Images contd. • Jason. Swatara Falls. 1 Nov. 2008. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 8 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/20978090@N07/2993869943>. • J, Charlie. Virginia mountain stream. 31 July 2010. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. 1 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/char1iej/4954379415/sizes/l/in/photostream/>. • Kessinger, Kent. Coal sludge Impoundment. 7 Sept. 2006. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 9 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/242055650/in/set-72157594303835554/>. • Kessinger, Kent. Coal Sludge Impoundment. 21 Oct. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 9 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/1935844393/>. • Kessinger, Kent. Coal Sludge Impoundment. 21 Oct. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 4 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/1940259340/>. • Kessinger, Kent. Erosion Possibility. 21 Oct. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 9 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/2003668202/>. • Kessinger, Kent. Hobet mine. 7 Sept. 2006. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 9 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/242036767/in/set-72157594303835554/>. • Kessinger, Kent. Mountain near Rawl. 7 Sept. 2006. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 4 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/255867561/>. • Kessinger, Kent. Mountain near Rawl, West Virginia. 7 Sept. 2006. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 9 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/255174892/in/set-72157594303835554/>. • Kessinger, Kent. Mountaintop Removal Site in Pickering Knob, West Virginia. 7 Sept. 2006. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 9 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/255887679/in/set-72157594303835554>.

  16. Works Cited Images contd. • Kessinger, Kent. “Reclaimed” mine site. 21 Oct. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 10 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/1990159094/>. • Kessinger, Kent. Sludge impoundment near Kirk. 7 Sept. 2006. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 4 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/255867541/>. • LaFollette, Hugh. Tennessee Mountains. N.d. Hugh LaFollette, 12 July 2007. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://www.hughlafollette.com/images/tennessee_mountains.jpg>. • Matthews, Leonard John. Water 4 Life. 6 Mar. 2011. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 16 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/mythoto/5557593677/>. • McCauley, James. Whitewater Rafting. 15 Sept. 2006. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nukeit1/244167779/>. • McEffrie, Tango. Welcome to West Virginia. 3 Aug. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 12 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/cryptozoologist/1003376653/sizes/l/in/photostream/>. • Michals, Kelly. Cedrum Mine Dragline. 24 June 2006. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 12 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/28685581@N06/2690228273>. • Oldenettel, Jerry. Cerulean warbler. 22 Apr. 2010. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 7 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/jroldenettel/4544991121/in/photostream/>. • Rainforest Action Network. Atlanta Activists Demand EPA End Mountaintop Removal. 2 Apr. 2006. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 2 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/rainforestactionnetwork/4399164399/>. • Stockman, Vivian. After – Hobet MTR Operation on Mud River. 21 Oct. 2006. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/019/index.html>. • Stockman, Vivian. Before – Hobet MTR Operation on Mud River. 7 June 2005. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/019/index.html>. • Stockman, Vivian. Berry Branch Cemetery at Hobet. 28 Apr. 2010. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/020/index.html>.

  17. Works Cited Images contd. • Stockman, Vivian. Coal slurry dam. 8 Sept. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 1 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/vivian_stockman/4360160205/>. • Stockman, Vivian. Edge of dam. 21 March 2009. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/017/>. • Stockman, Vivian. Flattened Mountaintops. 8 Sept. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 2 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/vivian_stockman/4360907814/>. • Stockman, Vivian. Homes by Creek. 20 Sept. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 2 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/vivian_stockman/4360253581/in/set-72157623442979340/>. • Stockman, Vivian. Kayford 2. 4 Jan. 2006. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/010/index.html>. • Stockman, Vivian. Marfork Coal’s Brushy Fork coal slurry impoundment. 30 May 2003. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/008/index.html>. • Stockman, Vivian. Nice, clean coal. 8 Sept. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 2 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/vivian_stockman/4360900110/in/photostream/>. • Stockman, Vivian. School and fields. 21 March 2009. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/017/>. • Stockman, Vivian. So-called restoration. 31 Oct. 2007. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. 2 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/vivian_stockman/3200542834/in/set-72157613471962667>. • Stockman, Vivian. Toxic sludge. 21 March 2009. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/017/>. • Stockman, Vivian. Twisted Gun Golf Course 1. 19 Oct. 2003. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/reclamation/twisted_gun/index.html>. • Stockman, Vivian. Twisted Gun Golf Course 2. 19 Oct. 2003. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/reclamation/twisted_gun/index.html>.

  18. Works Cited Images contd. • Stockman, Vivian. Twisted Gun Golf Course 3. 19 Oct. 2003. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/reclamation/twisted_gun/index.html>. • Stockman, Vivian. Twisted Gun Golf Course 4. 19 Oct. 2003. Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2011. <http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/reclamation/twisted_gun/index.html>. • Talbot, Mick E. Ephemeroptera. 3 June 2010. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 7 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/25258702@N04/4667192713>. • Thompson, Stephen Braxton. Blue Ridge Parkway. 18 June 2010. Notes from the American Road. WordPress.com, n.d. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://trippingusa.com/2010/06/18/on-the-blue-ridge-parkway/>. • Tullos III, Emmett. Graveyard. 29 Dec. 2005. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. 1 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/emmett_ns_tullos/179781784/>. • White, Bob. The forest stops here. 28 July 2009. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 10 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/ncbob/3783851408/>. • Womack, Jean. Virginia Blue Ridge Mountains. 14 Oct. 2010. Point Richmond Voice. Awesome Inc., n.d. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://www.pointrichmondvoice.com/2010/10/driving-blue-ridge-parkway.html>. • Wasson, Matt. Stream Pollution from Coal Mines. 18 Apr. 2010. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 1 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/4534742429/>. • Waldron, Doug. Blue Ridge Mountains 2. 14 June 2008. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 9 Apr. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/96713863@N00/3656161747>. • Wasson, Matt. Runoff from a ‘Reclaimed’ Mountaintop Removal mine in Kentucky. 18 Apr. 2010. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 1 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/4534742719/>. • Wasson, Matt. Toxic Runoff from a Valley Fill in Eastern Kentucky. 19 Apr. 2010. Flickr. Yahoo, 2011. Web. 16 May 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmemorialforthemountains/4534740865/in/photostream>. • Wissahickon Valley Watershed Association. 2011. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2011. < http://www.wvwa.org/>.

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