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Ebola

Ebola. By Elyas Shaiwani. Family. Reservoir/Host. Suspected Reservoirs Bats Rats Insect Birds Hosts Humans Except EBO-R Non-human primates. Types of Transmission. Exchange of body fluids Saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, vomit, blood, etc Improper needle use

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Ebola

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  1. Ebola By Elyas Shaiwani

  2. Family

  3. Reservoir/Host • Suspected Reservoirs • Bats • Rats • Insect • Birds • Hosts • Humans • Except EBO-R • Non-human primates

  4. Types of Transmission • Exchange of body fluids • Saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, vomit, blood, etc • Improper needle use • Viral exposure to ocular, nasal and oral regions

  5. 7 genes for 8 proteins GP and sGP GP - adheres to endothelial cells and macrophages sGP - binds to macrophages to prevent cytokine release and kills host cell during reproduction VP24 May help in uncoating during infection VP30 Binds RNA to DNA VP35 Key in replication within host cell VP40 Responsible for budding at the plasma membrane NP Protein envelope Polymerase (L) Unknown function Structure

  6. Mechanism • GP attaches virus to endothelial cell • VP24 allow viral contents to enter cell • VP35 and RNA begin synthesis and translation • High virus concentration and sGP concentration interfere with cell function and eventually lyse the host cell • sGP released inhibits macrophage and neutrophil cytokine release thus stopping inflammation

  7. Symptoms • Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever • 2 - 21 days incubation • Week 1 • Headache, malaise, abdominal pain, fatigue, fever, bloody diarrhea, bloody vomit, conjunctivitis, nausea • Mild anorexia, irritablity • After 1st week • Shock, dry heaves with possible black bile, internal bleeding or externally from orifices, limited or loss of liver and kidney functions, death • Memory loss, confusion, anxiety, anorexia • 90% mortality rate

  8. Treatment • Supportive care • Blood transfusions • Antibodies • Preventative Measures • Quarantine • Individual and towns • Reverse quarantine • Aseptic technique • BSL4 precautions

  9. References • http://www.africaphotos.com/stock/subject/health/ebola/cz10a.htm • http://www.rki.de/INFEKT/Ebola/Frame.htm • http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/filo/class.html • Formenty et al. “Human Infection Due to Ebola Virus, Subtype Cote d’Ivoire: Clinical and Biological Presentation.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999;179. • “HHMI News: Ebola’s Deadly Secrets.” Howard Hughes Medical Institute. http://www.hhmi.org/news/nabel.html • “Ebola and lassa viruses taret dendritic cells and prevent cytokine release.” Medical Letter on the CDC and FDA. May 4 2003. http://www.newsrx.com

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