Gender-Inclusion in Commercial Dairy Chains in the Global South

1. Gender-Inclusion in Commercial Dairy Chains in the Global South Silja K. Heyland Supervisors: Angelica Senders and Jan Hoekstra 9th July 2014

2. Agenda • Background • Problem Definition • Research Objective • Research Question • Methodology • Results • Conclusion • Questions and Answers • Recommendations

3. Dairy and Gender • Dairy production impact • Dairy activities • Effects on gender inequalities ‘The FAO assumes that gender equity would increase food production with 20 to 30 per cent’.

5. Problem Definition A systematic overview of success factors in gender-sensitive dairy chain development in Africa, Latin America and Asia, and business arguments that can motivate local business to invest in gender-sensitive dairy chain development,are missing.

6. Research Objective • Attractive arguments for local business • Interventions that contribute to successful gender-inclusion

7. Research Question What are the key success factors of gender-inclusive interventions that enhance dairy value chain development from a business perspective in the global south? • How are commercial dairy chains organized at primary level? • How was gender included in gender-inclusive dairy chain development to improve business? • What is the concrete impact of gender-inclusive dairy chain upgrading activities in terms of both business performance and gender equality?

8. Methodology • Desk research • Field research • Gender - Sensitive Value Chain Mapping • Gender and Value Chain Empowerment Diamond

9. Methodology () Gender - Sensitive Value Chain Mapping

10. Methodology (2) Gender and Value Chain Empowerment Diamond

11. Methodology (3)

12. Project overview

13. Results • Value Chain Activities • Improved milk quality and increased milk volume • Employment in business support services • Participation in meetings and trainings • Value Chain Governance • Access to (market) information and knowledge • Formalized chain activities • Participation in business decision-making

14. Results (1) • Structure • HH: Men appreciate women’s activities • HH: Women are allowed to travel • Society: Women receive respect • Society: More female leadership positions • Agency • Confidence and self-esteem • Access to finance and loans • Increase in income

16. Business Arguments • SDVCP and BOAM: Endline evaluation • EADD: Applyinggenderlens in producerorganization • KDVCP: Householdsurvey • WDCLP: Measurementsthroughself-helpgroups

17. Business Arguments • SDVCP, BOAM, WDCLP: Quality-based payment system • SDVCP, WDCLP, SSLLP: Introduction of lactometer and fat meter • WDCLP: Measurement of temperature and bacterial testing • MASRENACE: Establishing quality monitoring system

18. Business Arguments - SDVCP: Measured performances of different gender compositions - KDSCP: Elected female cooperative leader - MASRENACE: Elected female cooperative union leader

19. Business Arguments BOAM: Processorsneedtoaddresswomen WDCLP: Loyal milk supplier, morehygienic All: higher milk volumesandbetter milk quality

20. Business Arguments EADD and DVCP: big spill-overeffect BOAM: Women in committeeKDSCP: Women attractotherwomentojoinWDCLP: “If a women is in a leadership position naturally other women follow”

21. Success Factors

22. Conclusions • Sharing benefits and joint decision-making is depending on cultural habits at site level. • Women do on average at least half of the dairy activities (mentioned from all projects). • Initial gender studies are important for each new development project. • Women need to have incentives to supply milk otherwise they may side-sell milk to other markets. • Collaboration between men and women is essential when approaching new (formal) markets. • Gender-inclusion increases food production (FAO), they are effective and business attractive.

23. Questions and Answers

24. Recommendations To Development Organization: • Include gender-inclusive interventions from the beginning in all dairy chain projects. • Promote household cooperation by organizing dairy farmer excursions for dairy producer couples to other (national) sites in which gender-inclusion is practised. • Make female dairy producer visible.

25. Recommendations (1) To Agri-ProFocus: • Agri-ProFocus dairy network could organize regular webinars on gender-inclusion in dairy chain development. • Stimulate discussion on gender-inclusion in the dairy network. • Include gender events and new informationin the Agri-ProFocus newsletter.

26. Thank you for your attention! • Contact: • Silja K. HeylandE-Mail: silja.k.heyland@web.de • Gender in Value Chains ning » Nothing can stop an idea whose time has come. (Victor Hugo)

27. References: • Pictures: • [Gender ballancing] 2013. The Bull&Bear, The Gender Yield: A Business Case for Gender Equality [image online]. Available at: <http://bullandbearmcgill.com/the-gender-yield-a-business-case-for-gender-equality/>[Assessed 04 July 2014]. • [Gender thinking bulb] no date. Gender roles[blog] no date. Availabe at:<http://realmeproject.wordpress.com/gender-roles/>[Assessed 04 July 2014]. • [methodology pic, black and white women] 2005. Promoting gender-sensitive enterpreneurship via microfinance institutions. [powerpoint online]. Available at: <http://www.google.nl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fsd%2Fdim_pe1%2Fdocs%2Fpe1_050401a1_en.ppt&ei=nZ22U4TOJIel0AWEi4DQDg&usg=AFQjCNGKaUSCGb8OvV1GoLpVD_VBHRIx7w >[Assessed 04 July 2014]. • [Design is always Objective] 2011. The Difference Between Art And Design [image online]. Available at: <http://www.smashingbuzz.com/2011/01/the-difference-between-art-and-design/> [Assessed 04 July 2014]. • [“We can do it”] 2014. We can do it [image search online]. Available at: <www.google.com> • [cartoon one and two] 2012. Challenging chains to change. [image online]. Amsterdam: KIT, Agri-ProFocus and IIRR, p. 100 and p.114