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Gender Participation in Commercial Horticulture:

Gender Participation in Commercial Horticulture:. A Case Study of Kgatleng District N. Chikuba and P. M. Makepe Women Economic Empowerment Seminar, UB, BITRI,SLU & Doclinks Programme. Outline. Introduction, background & motivation Objectives Methodology Data Results Possible solutions.

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Gender Participation in Commercial Horticulture:

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  1. Gender Participation in Commercial Horticulture: A Case Study of Kgatleng District N. Chikuba and P. M. Makepe Women Economic Empowerment Seminar, UB, BITRI,SLU & Doclinks Programme

  2. Outline • Introduction, background & motivation • Objectives • Methodology • Data • Results • Possible solutions

  3. Introduction To diversify its economy, several policies, programmes and initiatives to empower local entrepreneurs in the agriculture sector were instituted. The NADP of 1991, focused on agrarian reform, and replaced the food self sufficiency goal with the concept of food security Why horticulture? During the NDP 9, production of vegetables per demand increases from 20% to 40% (Anon, 2008/2009) Improving participation in commercial horticulture can help the country meet the national demand, creating jobs and reduce money spent on imports

  4. Problem Statement About 55% of the population in rural areas earn income below the poverty line, with females headed households making up 41% of those living in poverty as opposed to 34% of male headed households (Coalition, 2002). With the inability of the formal sector to create sufficient job opportunities in Botswana entrepreneurship one option. The participation of women entrepreneurship in commercial horticulture industry promotes gender empowerment, creation of employment opportunities, improvement of household incomes and poverty alleviation. This points to the need to address issues of gender in the commercial horticulture industry in Botswana.

  5. Why women? Historically women have shared in the labor, management and decisions of the farm but they practiced this at a subsistence level. By improving these skills commercial horticulture can be an entrepreneurial opportunity for them to engage in and help raise their standard of living above the poverty line.

  6. Specific objectives: 1) Identify and examine the factors which constrain and enable women entrepreneurship participation in commercial horticulture2) To compare performance of male owned commercial horticultural farm and female owned commercial horticultural farms regarding; employment creation, productivity 3) Recommend possible solutions, which could lead to improvement of women’s participation in the horticulture

  7. Data • For this analysis, the sample was restricted to both women and men farmers who currently have ownership of a commercial horticultural farm in Kgatleng • 50 projects randomly selected for the study. 5 declined to participate in the study while another 5 could not be located. 40 farmers were interviewed. 30 women and 20 men.

  8. Data Analysis Descriptive Statistics; were used to describe the data collected included the use of percentages and frequency distribution tables to analyze the data on selected personal and socio-economic characteristics of women. Econometric method, a Probit Model was used to analyze the relationship between selected socio-economic characteristics of the respondent women and their participation in commercial horticulture production. Marginal effects were also computed to determine magnitude of the effect.

  9. Level of Education of The Respondents

  10. Table 2: Source of credit Facility

  11. Age and gender of farm owners in commercial horticulture industry

  12. Explanatory variables and hypothesized relationships

  13. Table 4: Partial effects from the probit Model

  14. Conclusion Marital status and extension services have a positive significant effect on women’s participation in horticulture Age squared and the presence of children under 7 in the household had a negative effect on women participation in horticulture

  15. Possible solutions Training in horticulture accompanied by a strong extension service is a useful investment and good mechanism for empowering women in horticulture. Government needs to increase women’s participation on training programs for horticulture. Government could provide support for child care services Support for credit facilities and lending facilities for women, training in financial literacy Thank you

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