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HINDUISM, BUDDHISM & SIKHISM

HINDUISM, BUDDHISM & SIKHISM. Hinduism. Strongly tied to: Indian history and culture Indus Valley Civilization Aryan culture, language and social organization. Indo-European Migration. 1500 BCE The Aryans migrate into Indus Valley

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HINDUISM, BUDDHISM & SIKHISM

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  1. HINDUISM, BUDDHISM & SIKHISM

  2. Hinduism • Strongly tied to: • Indian history and culture • Indus Valley Civilization • Aryan culture, language and social organization

  3. Indo-European Migration • 1500 BCE The Aryans migrate into Indus Valley • Vedas - Sacred literature passed down through oral tradition • Bring Sanskrit - classical Indian language

  4. Aryans - Caste System • Dasas did the work no Aryan would do • Varna or skin color was a feature of this system, (varnas) • Later called “castes” • Grew more complex over time

  5. Caste was determined at birth • Affected all aspects of social life, including work and marriage • Those considered impure were outside of caste or “untouchables” • Static social system/could not advance • Caste became associated with religion

  6. HINDUISM • Ancient religion w/origins in the Aryan hymns - the Vedas • Cannot be traced to one founder or set of beliefs • Complex interaction of many deities, evolves over time to be… • Seen as a way of liberating the soul from worldly concerns

  7. HINDU TRINITY • Brahman -world soul • Three natures • Brahma - Creator • Shiva - Destroyer • Vishnu - Protector

  8. Reincarnation Reincarnation, rebirth and re-death • Karma - good and bad deeds follow you • Dharma - predetermined moral duty, linked to caste, symbol is wheel • Don’t question dharma

  9. UPANISHADSHindu Religious Writings • Seek a single religious truth in the many Hindu deities and rituals • Brahman - world soul • World soul contains and unites all individual souls

  10. GaneshaMost Widely Worshipped

  11. Hinduism

  12. Vishnu the Protector

  13. “OM”Represents the Hindu Trinity

  14. Swastika - Ancient Hindu Symbol Well being Corrupted by Nazis

  15. BUDDHISM Founded by Siddhartha Gautama Born in 663 BCE in Nepal as a local prince Becomes disenchanted w/ worldly pleasures Explores Hindu beliefs and tries strict self-denial of the ascetics, but rejects this path Meditates under Bo Tree, faces temptations Transformed to the Buddha, “enlightened one”, 45 year ministry

  16. Buddhist Beliefs • Accept reincarnation, dharma, karma • Reject worship of Hindu Gods • Progress of soul depends on person’s deeds • Four Noble Truths - Life is filled with suffering and sorrow; suffering caused by desire for life’s pleasures; end suffering by ending desire; follow 8 Fold Path

  17. FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS • Life is filled with suffering and sorrow; • suffering caused by desire for life’s pleasures; • end suffering by ending desire; • follow 8 Fold Path

  18. THE EIGHT FOLD PATH • Right views • Right intentions • Right speech • Right Action • Right living • Right effort or work • Right mindfulness • Right meditation

  19. Goal is to achieve nirvana, not “heaven”, but perfect peace, release from suffering and pain • Release from reincarnation • Opposed by powerful Brahmins • Buddhism declines in India but spreads East and flourishes in China, Japan, Korea and SEA • Monks, nuns,take vows of poverty, chastity

  20. Tripitaka • Collection of Buddhist Sacred Writings • Sermons of Buddha • Interpretation of Buddhist doctrine • Rules of monastic life

  21. Buddhist Monks Play a Political Role

  22. STUPAS • Buddhist monuments • Contain relics • Mark the resting place of an enlightened being • Commemorate holy sites • Mark the way for pilgrims

  23. SIKHISM • 1500 CE Arose in Punjab • Guru Nanak - “God’s Path” between Hindu and Muslim (arose in Hindu culture dominated by Muslim rulers) • Monotheistic religion • Holy Book - Guru Granth Sahib • No caste or use of images in worship • But belief in reincarnation • Headquarters - Golden Temple in Amritsar

  24. Guru Granth SahibThe Eternal Teacher

  25. What Sikhs believe • One God - shapeless timeless and omnipresent • Reincarnation until the soul is ready to unite with God • Guidance of the “ten gurus”from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh • Leading a moral and purposeful life • Defending their faith and protecting the community • Gender equality

  26. GURU NANAK

  27. Sikhism - Five K’s • Readiness to defend a faith under attack • All begin with K in Punjabi • Uncut hair - symbol of strength, uplifted • Comb - orderliness • Dagger - defense (now symbolic) • Steel Bracelet - shield, shackled to God • Shorts - mobility

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