Warm-up

1. Warm-up • In your notebook, respond to the following in 3 to 5 sentences: • Thomas Jefferson once said: “Every generation needs a new revolution.” If you had to start a revolution, what would you try to change? What changes need to be made in society?

2. NC Rebellions

3. Not everyone was content with the Colonial Gov’ts • There were early moves to strengthen the colonial gov’ts in the hopes of benefiting England • Some colonials were more interested in their own fortunes than in serving king and country • The following are examples of local conflicts during the period of colonization • These examples might help us see what early problems influenced much later problems (see Revolution!)

4. Rebellions/Conflict • Bacon’s Rebellion (not in NC) • Culpepper Rebellion • Cary Rebellion • Tuscarora War

5. Colonial Government and Rebellion • Few could vote • Only men • White, 21 years old • Property owners (50 acres or more) (think 37 football fields of space or half the Magic Kingdom!)

6. Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina • Created by the 8 Lord Proprietors • 1669 – established colonial government • “Grand Model” – each settler would obey a strict social order (intended to be like Feudalism) • Yeomen – small farmer (bottom of chain) paid taxes/obeyed the landgraves (large land owners) • Palatine – governor of the colony, chosen from the Proprietors

7. 1. Bacon’s Rebellion • 1676 in the Virginia Colony • Nathaniel Bacon – Planter from England • Angry with Governor Berkeley

8. Bacon’s Rebellion • 1676: Greed in Virginia for rich farmlands pushes settlers into conflict with natives • Settlers desire to move onto treaty-protected lands • 29 year-old Nathaniel Bacon petitions gov’t to approve war with natives

9. Bacon’s Rebellion • Unhappy about low tobacco prices, limits on voting rights, rule by an aristocratic minority, and lack of protection from the Native Americans

10. Bacon’s Rebellion • Governor refuses, Bacon attacks anyway • Eventually, Bacon sees the Gov’t as a obstacle • Bacon wages war on the gov’t and burns down the capital (Jamestown) • Bacon dies of dysentery, rebellion eventually fades out • Largely unsuccessful, but Berkeley (governor) did step down

11. 2. Culpeper’s Rebellion • 1677 – rebellion against the Navigation Acts • Monopolized colonial trade for England (only English merchants and ships to England) • Tariffs/Export Taxes placed on colonial products • Tobacco was usually shipped to Boston and other goods to the West Indies

12. Resistance and Conflict • George Durant…WHO?

13. George Durant • Wanted chance to grow more tobacco with less effort and expense • Durant’s home became the center of Albemarle for business, social gatherings, and courthouse

15. Thomas Miller and Thomas Eastchurch • Supported Proprietors • Went to England to explain situation (“deplorable behavior”) • Eastchurch appointed governor of Carolina; Miller, tax collector • 1677 – Miller sailed to Albemarle, attempted to arrest Durant – Durant’s supporters rescued him led by Gen. John Culpeper, captured Miller • “Culpeper’s Rebellion”

16. Aftermath • Miller escaped; returned to England to meet with the proprietors • Proprietors blamed Miller, refused to punish rebels • Colonists would govern themselves through a new Assembly created in Albemarle

17. 3. Cary’s Rebellion • The Vestry Act and Test Act • Designed to ensure Anglican rule • Vestry Act – new tax used to build Anglican Churches • Test Act – elected officials must swear on bible to uphold Anglican faith

18. Quakers, Lutherans, and Catholics • All offended and angered • Quakers protest by petitioning Lord Proprietors • Thomas Cary (Governor) is fired, Edward Hyde replaced him • Attempts to enforce acts

19. Cary’s Rebellion • Cary supported Quakers and religious dissenters • Hoped to get his job back • Elections held (1708), Cary wins! • 1708-1711 – Cary allows Quakers to hold office without swearing

20. Thomas Cary

21. English Response • Cary replaced with Hyde • Cary sailed on Pamlico, fired on Hyde’s home • Caused major disruption in Carolina, represented a diminished role for Quakers in state politics

22. 4. Tuscarora • Native American territory to west • Used as slaves by colonists • Population decline from 120,000 to 16,000 in a century • New technology = guns, glass beads, clothing, alcohol, etc..

24. Buildup to War • 1711 – New Bern settled in Tuscarora territory • John Lawson, Christoph von Graffenreid and an African slave leave on expedition into Tuscarora territory • Captured, Lawson killed – others were released later

25. The Tuscarora War • Tuscarora decide to try to push Europeans out of Carolina • Grievances: • Kidnapping and enslaving their people • Alcohol • Cheated during trade • Poor treatment by Europeans

26. The Tuscarora War • Native Americans attack Bath County • Plan to destroy all plantation • Hundreds killed (even children) • Women and children taken as slaves • Dead left for dogs and vultures

27. Results • NC calls for aid from South Carolina and Virginia • 1713 – South Carolina responds with Catawba and Yamassee Indians • Tuscarora defeated at Ft. Neoheroka • 1000 were killed/enslaved, forced out of NC to NY

28. Journal – wrap-up • Answer the following question in your journal in 3-5 sentences: • What is something that the U.S. government could do that would make you want to revolt or leave the country? Explain your answer.