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Biogeochemical Cycles

Biogeochemical Cycles. Nutrient Cycles. Cycling maintains homeostasis (balance) in the environment. 3 common cycles we will investigate: 1. Water cycle 2. Carbon cycle 3. Nitrogen cycle. Part 3: Cycling of Matter. Cycling of Matter. Cycles in the Biosphere

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Biogeochemical Cycles

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  1. Biogeochemical Cycles

  2. Nutrient Cycles Cycling maintains homeostasis (balance) in the environment. • 3 common cycles we will investigate: 1. Water cycle 2. Carbon cycle 3. Nitrogen cycle

  3. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter • Cycles in the Biosphere • Natural processes cycle matter through the atmosphere • The exchange of matter through the biosphere is called the biogeochemical cycle. • Bio: Involves living things • Geo: Geological Processes • Chemical: Chemical Processes

  4. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter The Water Cycle Solar Energy Solar Energy Movement of clouds by wind Movement of clouds by wind Evaporation Precipitation Evaporation Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation Transpiration from plants Transpiration from plants Percolation in soil Percolation in soil

  5. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter The Water Cycle • Most precipitation falls into the ocean • Over land • approximately 90% of the water evaporates • 10% transpires from plants • Only about 2% of water is retained in a reservoir • i.e., a glacier, ice cap, aquifer or lake

  6. Nitrogen cycle- Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) makes up nearly 78%-80% of air. Organisms can not use it in that form. Lightning and bacteria convert nitrogen into usable forms.

  7. Nitrogen cycle- Only in certain bacteria and industrial technologies can fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation-convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) which can be used to make organic compounds like amino acids. N2 NH4+

  8. Nitrogen cycle- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Some live in a symbiotic relationship with plants of the legume family (e.g., soybeans, clover, peanuts).

  9. Nitrogen cycle- • Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live free in the soil. • Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are essential to maintaining the fertility of semi-aquatic environments like rice paddies.

  10. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen in atmosphere Plants Assimilation Denitrifying bacteria Nitrates (NO3-) Nitrogen – fixingbacteria in rootnodules oflegumes Decomposers (aerobic & anaerobic bacteria and fungi) Nitrifying bacteria Ammonification Nitrites (NO2-) Ammonium (NH4+) Nitrogen – fixing bacteria in soil

  11. Nitrogen Cycle Atmospheric nitrogen Lightning Denitrification by bacteria Animals Nitrogen fixing bacteria Plants Decomposers Nitrification by bacteria Nitrites Nitrates Ammonium

  12. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter Carbon Cycle CO2 in atmosphere Burning Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Plants, Algae & Cyanobacteria Higher level Consumers Wood & Fossil Fuels Primary Consumer Detritivores(soil microbes & others) Detritus

  13. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter Carbon Short term cycle • Autotrophs use CO2for photosynthesis. • Heterotrophs produce CO2during cell respiration

  14. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter • Long term cycle: Fossil Fuels • Organic matter is buried underground and converted to peat, coal, oil or gas deposits. • 5.5 billion tons are burned each year and 3.3 billion tons stay in the atmosphere • The rest dissolves in sea water turning oceans into mild acid

  15. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter • Long term cycle: Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) • Marine animals are able to use Carbon to build their skeletal material • These organisms fall to thebottom of the ocean floor,creating limestone rock.

  16. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter • Oxygen makes up about 21% of the atmosphere . • Very reactive element, quickly disappears in compounds • Some oxygen goes into the stratosphere, where it is converted into Ozone (O3) • Ozone serves to absorb biologically damaging ultra-violet (UV) radiation from the sun.

  17. Part 3: Cycling of Matter Cycling of Matter Carbon and Oxygen Cycles • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas and traps heat in the atmosphere. • Burning fossil fuels has added 30% more Carbon Dioxide than 150 years ago. • The atmosphere has not held this much Carbon for at least 420,000 years according to data from ice cores.

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