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Attractiveness. Attractiveness. The Passionate Love Scale (PLS; Hatfield & Sprecher, 1986. Scale: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Not at all true Moderately true Definitely true I would feel deep despair if __________ left me.
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The Passionate Love Scale (PLS; Hatfield & Sprecher, 1986 Scale: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Not at all true Moderately true Definitely true • I would feel deep despair if __________ left me. • Sometimes I feel I can't control my thoughts; they are obsessively about __________. • I feel happy when I am doing something to make __________ happy. • I would rather be with __________ than anyone else. • I'd get jealous if I thought __________ were falling in love with someone else. • I yearn to know all about __________. • I want __________ physically, emotionally and mentally.
The Passionate Love Scale (PLS; Hatfield & Sprecher, 1986 Scale: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Not at all true Moderately true Definitely true • I have an endless appetite for affection from __________. • For me, __________ is the perfect romantic partner. • I sense my body responding when __________ touches me. • __________ always seems to be on my mind. • I want __________ to know me -- my thoughts, my fears and my hopes. • I eagerly look for signs indicating __________'s desire for me. • I possess a powerful attraction for __________. • I get extremely depressed when things don't go right in my relationship with _________.
The Passionate Love Scale (PLS; Hatfield & Sprecher, 1986 TOTAL SCORE _____ Results: 106-135 points = Wildly, even recklessly, in love 86-105 points = Passionate, but less intense 66-85 points = Occasional bursts of passion 46-65 points = Tepid, infrequent passion 15-44 points = No thrill, never was
Personals I'M A SLIM, ATTRACTIVE, INTELLIGENT, kind, loving, understanding, passionate, well-groomed, fun and cultured, single, white female. At 47, I want the companionship of a single gentleman who wants to laugh and to be loved.
Personals CUTE STRAWBERRY BLONDE SWF 34, Seeks SWM 34-40 refined, astute in financial affairs, intelligent, dislikes pretentious intellectual banter, open minded, fetishes appeal.
Personals CLASSY FELLOW I am a good looking, fit gentleman, who is accomplished and established, educated, refined, intellectual, articulate, out- going, funny, honest, kind-hearted, energetic and romantic. A family-oriented Dad who also enjoys skiing, boating, travel, the outdoors, reading and spending time with friends. I am looking for my female counterpart and soulmate, in her mid-thirties to early forties, very attractive, 5'-7"+, with a university degree or two, classy, worldly, loves to laugh and play yet has a serious side, open and truthful, compassionate and unpretentious, sexy and sensuous, knows what she wants and is unwilling to compromise.
PERSONAL ADS and PARTNER SELECTION • what features people seek in potential partners ?? • what qualities they think others seek ?? • Content analysis of ads * • Count number of responses to ads • Fictive ads & examine number of responses
PERSONAL ADS and PARTNER SELECTION • Are traditional stereotypes still operating in partner selection? • Desired attributes consistent with traditional gender role stereotypes • Men emphasize stereotypical ‘feminine’ traits (appearance, youth) & de-emphasize ‘non-feminine traits’ (financial, employment, social, & intellectual status)
PERSONAL ADS and PARTNER SELECTION • Women emphasize ‘masculine’ traits (financial, employment, social & intellectual status & value commitment) ** One exception …. • emotional expressiveness emphasized > by women • BUT… • women prefer androgynous men • men prefer gender-typed women
PERSONAL ADS and PARTNER SELECTION “Men as Success Objects; Women as Sex Objects” (Davis, 1990) • men valued for financial & intellectual success • women valued for sexual desirability
PERSONAL AD FEATURES • Men 2-4 X > likely to place personal ads • Women’s ads get > responses • social convention: women expected to be < outgoing in initiation of sexual relationships • whoever places ad: > more powerful position
PERSONAL AD FEATURES Greater ad responses for: • Taller men • Lower-weight women • Younger women • Older men • Greater income & education for men • Greater attractiveness for women
PERSONAL AD FEATURES Greater ad responses for: • “recovering addict with 11 mos of sobriety” (4X) • (vs. 50-lbs overweight woman) (Sitton & Blanchard, 1995) • 1 “beautiful” waitress (668 responses) • 2 “average-looking” female lawyer (240 responses) • 3 “average-looking” male lawyer (64 responses) • 4 “handsome” cabdriver (15 responses) (Goode, 1996) • Males respond to appearance • Females respond to social/economic status
Experimental Study of Women’s Internet Personal Ads(Strassberg & Holty, 2003) • 4 ads placed on 2 large Internet bulletin boards • “female seeking male” • varied a few key words (IV manipulation) • Control (SWF, 27, “brown hair, brown eyes…”) • Slim/Attractive (“lovely…very attractive and slim…” • Sensual/Passionate (“sensual and passionate…”) • Successful/Ambitious (“financially independent…successful and ambitious…”
Results • 507 email responses in 6 wks • mostly white, slightly older than women in ad, well educated • 1 Successful/Ambitious (185 responses) • 2 Slim/Attractive (129 responses) • 3 Control (129 responses) • 4 Sensual/Passionate (90 responses)
Results • previous mostly content analysis of “natural” ads • cannot systematically manipulate relevant features • internet bulletin attracts diff types… • maybe > ambitious, successful & want same • predominantly well educated (M = 4 yrs college) • predominantly middle class (1/4 above middle) • novelty of ambition/financial success emphasis ♀ ad • < pressure for their financial success • presumed attractive/not unattractive • intimidated/turned off by “lovely, very attractive”
Gender, Sexuality & Race in Personal Ads • Black, Hispanic, & Asian men > likely to have race preference for partner vs.White men • gay men > likely to mention race than straight men • gay Black & Hispanic men < likely to have race as preference • heterosexual & bisexual women offer & report > physical descriptors vs. lesbian women • bisexual women requested > physical attributes & offered > weight descriptors vs. lesbian & straight women
FILM: The Opposite Sex (Sex and Emotion) • 1) How do men and women express emotion? • 2) How is this reflected in physiological responses? • 3) What accounts for observed differences?