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Public Health Emergency Management Course

Learn about the roles and responsibilities of the health workforce in emergency situations. This course covers risk reduction, resource management, communication, and more.

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Public Health Emergency Management Course

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  1. Health Workforce in Emergency First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  2. Health Workforce • all persons currently participating in the health • labor market or health care delivery Health Workers • all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is • to enhance health • Physician, Nursing and midwifery personnel • dentistry personnel • pharmaceutical personnel • laboratory health workers • environmental and public health workers • community and traditional health workers • other health service providers • health management and support workers First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  3. Public health workforce • is diverse and includes all those whose prime • responsibility is the provision of core public health • activities, irrespective of their organizational base • they are central to the performance of health • systems, very little is known about its composition, • training or performance. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  4. Front-line health workforce • consists of all actors supporting and strengthening the • health, safety and resilience of communities to • emergencies at the local level includingcommunity- • based health workers, mid-level health workers and • volunteers such as those affiliated with Red Cross/Red • Crescent societies, civil society and actors from other • relevant sectors • essential component of the health workforce First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  5. Front-line health workforce • Nurses and midwives play a significant role in emergencies • and are often at the front line at the community-level • Direct emergency risk management • They play critical role in training, supervising and • equipping community-based health workers for their • role in emergencies • reduce health related risks and limit the impact of • emergencies on communities along with other key sectors First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  6. Roles of the front-line health workforce in Risk Reduction • Health risk assessment. • Identify the hazards and vulnerabilities that • will form the basis of planning • Epidemiology functions. • Maintain and improve the systems to monitor, • detect, and investigate potential hazards, • particularly those that are environmental, • radiological, toxic, or infectious. • Public engagement. • Educate, engage, and mobilize the public to be • full and active participants in public health • emergency preparedness. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  7. Roles of the front-line health workforce in Risk Reduction • Mitigation strategies. • Develop, test, and improve community mitigation • strategies (ex isolation, quarantine, social distancing) • Public information and communication • Develop, practice, and improve the capability to • rapidly provide accurate and credible information to • the public in culturally appropriate ways • Resource Management • Identify critical resources for public health emergency • response and practice and improve the ability to • deliver these resources throughout the supply chain First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  8. Roles of the front-line health workforce in Risk Reduction • Operations • Ready workers and volunteers with skills and capabilities to perform in health emergency • Leadership. • Local leaders to mobilize resources, engage the community, develop interagency relationships, communicate with the public • 9. Provide accurate and credible messages to the public during a crisis First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  9. Roles of the front-line health workforce in emergencies • providing critical front line health services • key actors in conducting: • health education and promotion, • social mobilization, • delivery of health services, • community-based risk assessments, • emergency health operations, • first aid, basic life support, • support to epidemic control, among others First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  10. FHW contributes to safe/resilient community • Improving health outcomes on a routine basis (reducing underlying vulnerability) • Prevention and management of common illnesses • Promotion of key family practices and health promotion for disease prevention, • Provide selected essential newborn and sexual and reproductive health intervention • Support facility-based health promotion, prevention and management of chronic illnesses • Support essential trauma care at basic facility level • Providing community-based rehabilitation for people with disabilities First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  11. FHW contributes to safe/resilient community • 2. Prevent, mitigate and prepare for emergencies • Conducting risk assessment(hazards, vulnerabilities and • capacitates) • Help detect, prevent, and manage diseases of epidemic or • pandemic potential • Contribute to climate change adaptation (CCA) activities • through reducing vulnerability of communities, short term • forecasting and working closer with other key sectors • Providing risk awareness and health promotion messages • including health education and social mobilization • Contribute to emergency preparedness for families, • communities and health systems First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  12. FHW contributes to safe/resilient community • Responding to and recovering from emergencies • Continue priority essential health services at the home • and in the community • Provide first aid and basic life support • Provide psychosocial services and community support • through community participation, providing • information to reduce anxiety and psychological first aid • Support mass casualty management including essential • trauma care at basic facility level and essential surgical • care First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  13. FHW contributes to safe/resilient community • Play vital role in achievement of the health related • Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4, 5 and 6 • They are component of well functioning health systems to deliver lifesaving services • During emergency they perform health service delivery at household and community levels reducing the demand for health facility-based services and can improve access to services when health systems are destroyed, disrupted or overwhelmed First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  14. Thank You First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  15. Capacity Building for Health Workforce First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  16. Learning Objectives • By the end of this module, the participant should be able to: • Describe the elements of capacity to manage health • risks of emergencies • Identify key elements of capacity for specific health • service delivery functions • Describe the role of a health emergency manager in • health emergency management systems and in • developing health emergency management capacity First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  17. Defining Capacity • Sum of: capability resources relationships • Within community organization country region world • Aims • Reducing illness, disability and death from risks • Promoting health, safety and security First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  18. Defining Capacity • System definition of capacity • Capacity includes capability (knowledge, attitude • and skills) of the component parts, the resources • (financial, equipment) which support the system, • and the relationships which together form the • system. • Capacity is a quantitative measure • Measurement of human and material resources • i.e. number or volume or size. For example, the • capacity of the hospital is 500 beds First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  19. Health Workforce • all persons currently participating in the health • labor market or health care delivery Health Workers • all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is • to enhance health • Physician, Nursing and midwifery personnel • dentistry personnel • pharmaceutical personnel • laboratory health workers • environmental and public health workers • community and traditional health workers • other health service providers • health management and support workers First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  20. Relevance of Risk Management to HEM Capacity Development • Risk ∞ Hazard x Vulnerability • Capacity • In managing Risk: Capacity is needed to: • Reduce Hazard • Reduce vulnerability • Increase Capacity First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  21. Health Emergency Management Capacity • Capacity to perform the following functions: • Reduce hazard • Reduce vulnerability • Respond to reduce and manage Response • consequences • Recover and reconstruct for better Recovery Preparedness First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  22. Disaster Risk Management Framework Response (Capacity utilization) Preparedness (Capacity building) Recovery (Capacity rebuilding for better) First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman (Capacity to Reduce/prevent Hazard) (Capacity to Lessen Impact of hazard) Mitigation Prevention

  23. ANATOMY OF COMMUNITY RISK MANAGEMENT Community risk readiness community = hazard  vulnerability multisectoral, all hazards indicators: indicators: indicators: indicators: probability scale/magnitude/ strength/intensity spread duration biological hazards: season, infectivity, latency, transmission resistance, etc. policy, plans, procedures knowledge, skills, attitudes resources legislation national & sectoral policy administrative procedures response & recovery plans preparedness plans technical guidelines management structure institutional managements information systems warning systems human resources material resources financial resources simulations & training education public information community participation research publications People: access to health care measles vaccination under 5 nutrition under 5 mortality access to clean water access to sanitation adequate housing employment/ income female literacy Property: health infrastructure vehicles medical supplies Services: curative care services ambulance services public health services health info system Environment: water/soil/air quality risk of: death injury (mental/ physical) disease (mental/physical) loss of life displacement loss of property loss of income secondary hazards breakdown in security damage to infrastructure breakdown in services Contamination natural phenomena famine diseases of epidemic potential events/crowds intoxification infestations transport accidents structural failures industrial accidents chemical accidents pollution refugees war terrorism First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman Prevention & Mitigation Programme Vulnerability Reduction Programme Emergency Preparedness Programme = Community Risk Management  

  24. Preparedness Capacity to manage risks of emergencies • Legal framework • Policies • Guidelines • Procedures • Resources • Plans • Knowledge • Attitude • Skills • Provide necessary • tools Organizations Systems First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman People

  25. Preparedness Capacity to manage risks of emergencies Leadership/Good Governance 2. Health System Development Health Workforce Service Delivery Information First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman Medical Products, Vaccines & Technologies Health Financing System

  26. 3. Human Resource Development Programme • Categories of Stakeholders • Leaders • Managers • Operation Center Staff • Responders • Community • Trainers First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  27. Policy, planning, priorities and political commitment • Legal and regulatory systems • Integration with development policies and planning • Integration with emergency response and recovery • Institutional mechanisms, capacities and structures; • allocation of responsibilities • Partnership • Accountability 4. Governance First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  28. Hazards/Risks data assessment • Vulnerability and impact data assessment • Scientific and technical capacities and innovation 4. Risk Assessment 5. Knowledge and Education First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman • Public awareness, knowledge and skills • Information management sharing • Education and training • Cultures, attitudes, motivation • Learning and research

  29. 6. Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction • Environment and natural resource management • Health and well being • Sustainable livelihoods • Social protection • Financial instruments • Physical protection; structural and technical • measures • Planning regimes First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  30. Organizational capacities and coordination • Early Warning Systems • Preparedness and contingency planning • Emergency resources and infrastructure • Emergency response and recovery • Participation, volunteerism, accountability 7. Disaster Preparedness and Response First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  31. Stakeholders Training Needs Analysis (Roles and Functions) First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  32. Stakeholders Training Needs Analysis (core competencies to carry out functions) First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  33. Stakeholders’ Training Program • Training Title • Training Content First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  34. Response Teams for immediate deployment RHA Team ICS Support Team First Aid Team Rapid Assessment First Aid Search and Rescue EMS (transport and logistics) Evacuation Center First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman SAR Team Evac. Center Team EMS Team

  35. Response Teams for further Deployment (After 24 hours) Medical Team MHPSS Team WASH Team Response Operation at Evac. Center Logistics Management Team Nutrition Team First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman Hospital Team As needed Surveillance Team

  36. Health Roles in Managing Risks Over Time First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  37. Health Roles in Managing Risks First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  38. Response Teams for further Deployment Considerations: • Need to establish health system • Need to support the treatment of injuries • Need to support the medical cases • Provision of public health services to include disease • surveillance • Support for resource management • Support risk communication • Provide protection and safety of victims and • responders First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  39. Evacuation Site Scenario: Typhoon • Poor environmental sanitation • No access to safe water • Inadequate sanitary toilets • No community surveillance system • Disrupted basic health services • Foul smell of decomposing bodies • Severe depression of the bereaved • and other health workers First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  40. Evacuation Site Scenario • Damaged lifelines • Overcrowding • Poor environmental sanitation • No access to safe water • Inadequate sanitary toilets • Health workers are direct victims • Disrupted basic health services First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  41. Group Activity 1 • In your group, address one of the following: • Poor environmental health condition • Disrupted communicable disease services • Poor management of the dead and the missing • Lack of mental health and psychosocial support • Assess the risk and identify capacity needed in terms of organization, systems and people. Write your answers on a flip chart for presentation. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  42. Environmental Health in Evacuation Center • Environmental health risks are assessed, including: • Water supply services • Waste handling and disposal • Food safety • Garbage disposal Local Capacity ( laboratory services, sampling, diagnosis and analysis; equipment etc.) Inventory of organizations with environmental health roles and responsibilities (laboratories, surveillance, chemical industries, water supply services, waste disposal services, fire service, etc.) Availability of supplies, reagents, medicines First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  43. Environmental Health in Evacuation Center • Environmental health risks: • Food and water borne diseases Environmental Capacity • Environmental assessment, surveillance • Environmental teams • Environmental logistics including systems of distribution • Laboratories and other confirmation devices • Reporting, monitoring, evaluation First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  44. Communicable Disease • Communicable health risks are assessed including: • Diseases of Epidemic Potential • Vaccine Preventable Diseases • Vector Born Diseases • Diseases of Public Health Significance Considerations: • Health status • Local capacity, program implementation • Inventory of Organizations • Availability of health services, facilities • Availability of drugs, medicines, supplies, vaccines First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  45. Communicable Disease • Communicable health risks: • Epidemic and Outbreak Communicable Disease Capacity • Surveillance System in place in evacuation centers • Surveillance teams available • Case definition etc.. • Epidemiological investigation • logistics including systems of distribution • Laboratories and other confirmation devices • Reporting, monitoring, evaluation • Networking and referral system First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  46. Management of the Dead and Missing • MDM Issues: • Identification of the Dead • Cultural Considerations • Final Disposal of the Dead • Management of the Relatives Considerations: Legal framework, functioning coordination mechanisms and organizational structure in place for health emergency preparedness and response Local capacity Inventory of Organizations Mortuary System First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  47. Management of the Dead and Missing • MDM health risks? • Myths and realities about dead bodies • Mass burial MDM Capacity • Organizational/Institutional Arrangements; roles and responsibilities; management structures • Procedures (identification, keeping of records, fingerprinting, dental records, DNA and photographing) • Provisions for notification of relatives (next of kin) • Logistics • Reporting, monitoring, evaluation • Networking and referral system First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  48. Mental Health and Psychosocial Support • Psychosocial health risk assessment: • Coverage • Silent victims, Family displacement • Medical Responders/Leaders • Early identification and referral Considerations: • Local capacity for emergency provision of essential services and supplies • Inventory of organizations, health facilities, Availability of drugs, medicines, supplies, Availability of training modules and trainers First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  49. Mental Health and Psychosocial Support • Psychosocial health risks: • Long lasting; affects rehabilitation and recovery (children, responders, etc.) Psychosocial Capacity • Policies and Plan • Training modules, pool of trainers ; range of services • Advocacy and awareness through education, information management and communication • Health facilities, drugs and medicines • Reporting, monitoring, evaluation • Networking and referral system; Inter and Intra sectoral coordination • Local capacity for emergency provision of essential services and supplies First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  50. Elements Of capacity To manage Health risks of emergencies • Legal framework • Policies • Guidelines • Procedures • Resources • Plans • Knowledge • Attitude • Skills Organizations Systems First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman People

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