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Proper Aerodrome Markings and Procedures for Safe Air Travel

Learn about essential aerodrome markings and procedures for safe aircraft operations, including runway, taxiway, and lighting guidelines. Understand aerodrome traffic procedures and join instructions.

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Proper Aerodrome Markings and Procedures for Safe Air Travel

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  1. Air Law - Aerodromes O/Cdt. Darcel “I feel the need. The need, for proper aerodrome markings and procedures”

  2. MTPs • Aerodrome Markings • Runway Markings • Taxiway markings • Unservicability lighting • Wind Indicators • Aerodrome Lighting • Aerodrome Traffic Procedures • Joining • NORDO

  3. Aerodrome Markings • Definitions: • Aerodrome: Any area used for the arrival, departure, or maintenance of aircraft. • Airport: An aerodrome with respect to which a certificate is in force • Manoeuvring Area: Areas intended for taking off, landing, and/or associated movement. Does not include apron.

  4. Aerodromes Markings • Definitions (cont.) • Threshold: Denotes beginning of areas to be used for t/o and landing under normal circumstances. • Displaced Threshold: Area preceding threshold markings may be used for t/o and taxi but not landing. • Relocated Threshold: Area preceding threshold markings may be used for neither taxi nor takeoff/landing

  5. Runway Markings • Numbering • Done by degrees magnetic in the Southern Domestic Airspace. In NDA, by degrees true. • Done from the pilot’s perspective. ie, the east end of an east-west runway will be numbered 27. • eg, A runway end with an orientation of 189 will be numbered 19. What about the other end? • Parallel r/w numbered L and R • To switch quickly between reciprocal r/w ends, use the 20-20 rule: Add 2 to one digit, subtract 2 from the other.

  6. Runway Markings • Lighting • Only if portion of aerodrome is intended for night use. • Sides indicated by white lights visible at a distance of not less than 2 nm • Lights/markers to be no more than 60m (200 ft.) apart • Must be directly opposite one another • No fewer than 8 lights in a row (min 420 m/row) • White retro-reflective markers meeting same specifications may be used • In this case ends MUST be indicated by at least one white light/marker, visible for at least 2 nm

  7. Taxiway Markings • Generally, painted with a yellow centerline • Lighting • If used at night, • Lights are BLUE • No less than 60m (200 ft.) apart

  8. Unservicability Markings • Unserviceable Markings • When an aerodrome is closed permanently, all markings installed must be removed. Also applies to parts of manoeuvring area. • Except water aerodromes, red flags or cones must be used to denote closed portions of the manoeuvring area. • At night, red lighting to be used for closed manoeuvring area portions. • U/S Runways/Taxiways • Denoted by large, white or yellow Xs at each end • Where painting impossible, may use dye, or other material as appropriate.

  9. Aerodrome Markings - Miscellaneous • Obstructions marked with red lights. • Must place warnings in public areas where a/c activity could pose hazard.

  10. Wind Indicators • Except where wind direction may be obtained via radio or other indication, (eg, smoke) must have a w.d.i. • Must be truncated cone (ie, wind sock) • Visible from 1000 ft. (300m) above aerodrome • Painted in a conspicuous colour(s) (green generally not a good choice) • As, must be lit at night if a/d used at night • Removed immediately upon a/d closure

  11. Traffic Procedures • Generally, all circuits flown at 1000’ AAE unless otherwise specified • Also, most circuits in Canada are left-hand • All turns made to left

  12. Circuit Joining • Controlled Aerodrome: • Join when/where they instruct you to • May be straight-in downwind, mid-downwind, base, or direct to final approach

  13. Circuit Joining • Uncontrolled Aerodrome: • Plan to land into the wind • Circuit must be joined mid-downwind following a descent on the upwind side • If required to cross field to go to upwind, cross over the field at 500’ above circuit height • Where no possible conflict, may join early downwind

  14. Circuit Joining • Uncontrolled A/D (cont) • When operating at an aerodrome with a mandatory frequency, and the relevant ground advisory service is in effect, may join at more locations • That is, 45 degrees to downwind, or straight in on base and final • Also, MF zones require you to radio when established both downwind and final legs, as well as a 5-minute call prior to MF zone entry • (Not Required) MF Zone = 3000’ AAE, 5 nm around a/d

  15. NORDO • NORDO: NO RaDiO • To communicate with you, ground operators may use light signals. • Permitted, (although perhaps not recommended) in all uncontrolled classes of airspace • Exception are MF zones; may still operate, provided: • Prior arrangements made with a/d operator • Ground advisory active when you go through • At any aerodrome, may only join on early or mid- downwind

  16. NORDO Light Signals

  17. Questions?

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