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Overview Social ( Human) aspects of the LMB

Economically prosperous, socially just environmentally. Overview Social ( Human) aspects of the LMB. The LMB. Residents LMB: 53 mil ( L94 %, T38 %, C80%,V22%. Or 5,23,10,17 mil.) Stakeholders 4 countries : 159 mils ( L 5.5, T 62.5,C 12, V 79 )

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Overview Social ( Human) aspects of the LMB

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  1. Economically prosperous, socially justenvironmentally Overview Social ( Human) aspects of the LMB

  2. The LMB • Residents LMB: 53 mil (L94 %,T38 %, C80%,V22%. Or 5,23,10,17 mil.) • Stakeholders 4 countries : 159 mils (L 5.5, T 62.5,C 12, V 79) • Home to a very diverse groups of people Ethnics, culture heritage, traditions, belief, rituals, views, preference & needs

  3. Ethnic diversity 4 main ethnics in lowland & many diverse highland ethnic groups in mountain regions 36 groups in Cambodia, 47 in Laos, 19 groups central highland Vietnam, 9 in Thailand. About 3-4 mils.highland ethnic people.

  4. THE MEKONG HAS DIFFERENT MEANINGS & IMPORTANCETO EACH OF ITS DIVERSE GROUPS OF PEOPLE

  5. Socially justdevelopment Depict Fair share of influence in decision making on development & fair shareof benefits from development. Development growth matters when it improve well being of the many groups -not few (distribution)

  6. Can be construed in term of Between member countries Among people living now current generation=> share among different social strata, groups & classes ( e.g rich Vs poor, urban Vs rural, macro growth Vs local survival) Equity between current generation & future generations( use now or keep for our children) Balance Equity in economic & social well being

  7. LMB TO COUNTIRES • Laos PDR: 97% land area & its pop in LMB. LMB resources very important to country economic -social development. Main contributors of water. Lots resources potentials, few people & poor. • Thailand: LMB part 36% land area, home to 38% (22 mil) of its population. Poorest part. Safety net, when all else fall. • Cambodia: 86% land area and 11 mil pop. Mk runs in middle of country- heart. Fish, Agr., main livelihood. • Vietnam: 11 % of land area 22% ( 19 mil) of pop. Higher GDP/cap than nat. average. Rice bowl & over 50% of its rice export. Central highland-Coffee exports.

  8. 75 % LMB people live & work in rural area - 40 mils. Engage in Ag.50-80% (T &V 55-65%) Livelihood strategy= grow rice /crops + harvest from nature Importance of direct harvesthigher in rural Laos & Cam. Highest for all highland ethnics where other options are limited. To these rural LMB residents LMB is home& spirits, cultural roots, water for crops, animals, wash & drink, wetlands are poor-man supper markets. To LMB people : rural residents

  9. GDP per capita 1990 - 2000 Cash income is supplemented by their harvest from the river and forest

  10. Rice staple food

  11. On average LMB people eat 36-70 kg fish/yr. Food from collecting & foraging from nature is important : From forests, rivers & wetlands

  12. The poorest:remote rural & highland ethnics depend largely on NR- land & water Large proportion of the poor live in marginal environments Occupation of people in Ban Huoy Village, Stoeng Treng Dependency on genetic, species and ecosystem diversity Importance to food availability, health, nutrition, house-hold development, income generation and vulnerability

  13. 1L,4L,6LC, 7LCV In- stream use links to ensuring livelihood. Co-system in- tact = area giving water, few people, HL ethnic & poorest

  14. To LMB people: Urban • Few urban centers in LMB  10 + mils cities & around. • Urbanization significant in the 20 yrs time • Urban users of LMB resources not only those LMB - ALSO others 100 mils 4 countries---in various way. • To them LMB uses: electricity, industrial uses, tourism, supply natural fish

  15. 11% of 97,000 Gwh in Thailand re in the NE, 70% BKK and around. Only 4 prov. in Laos w/access electricity - in central Laos. Cambodia only 2-3 main cities has access to light between 10-30 % Gap between Urban /rural

  16. Sector development are means • End or goal of developmentis long healthy life for all the people. • Good mixof sectors work is needed to achieve the ultimate (social) goal.

  17. Living a long healthy life Living standard Sufficient food Education attainment Good health Access to basic services GDP/GRP Life expectancy Health Infant mortality rate Maternal mortality rate Child malnutrition rate Death caused by preventable disease Education attainment Access to basic Svc Electricity Safe water/ sanitation Road/market Current status: social & economic well being of LMB people

  18. 10% - 40% of rural households have access to safe water and sanitation

  19. Infant mortality rate in LMB rural is among the highest in Asia. 60-130/1000. So MMR. Poverty, access to safe water/ sanitation & Poor access to health SVC. Children malnutrition (1-5 yrs) is 33-51%. Life expectancy is 50- 54 in Laos and Cambodia.

  20. Primary enrolment rates are around 50 - 95%, but in many areas less than half of these complete their primary schooling.

  21. The basin population is very young.

  22. Number of LMB residents to rise to 80 mil in 20 yrs In Laos & Cambodia 50 % of pop. are children under 14 yrs. Highest growth rate here LMB Residents

  23. Meeting the needs Keeping the balance

  24. Resources Uses & trend for Top Of LMB • Hydro power generation • Irrigated /agriculture • In stream need: fishery resources, Ecological health, Habitat protection, Biodiversity, Pollution control, Navigation

  25. Northern Lao PDR 1L

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