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Ch. 28 The Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity

Ch. 28 The Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity. Introduction to Protists. Eukaryotes. Most diverse Most are unicellular, some colonial and multicellular species. Simplest eukaryotic organisms. Many protists are exceedingly complex – the most elaborate of all cells. Aquatic

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Ch. 28 The Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity

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  1. Ch. 28 The Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity

  2. Introduction to Protists • Eukaryotes. • Most diverse • Most are unicellular, some colonial and multicellular species. • Simplest eukaryotic organisms. • Many protists are exceedingly complex – the most elaborate of all cells. • Aquatic • Asexual/sexual reproduction

  3. Protists • Aerobic in their metabolism, using mitochondria for cellular respiration. • Phototrophs with chloroplasts. • Heterotrophs that absorb organic materials or ingest larger food particles. • Mixotrophs: combo of photo and heterotrophic nutrition

  4. Early EuK Origin • proK small size, limit space for genes. • Limits metabolic activity • Evolution of ProK: • Multi-cellular proK • Complex communities • Compartmentalization • Endosymbiosis • Mitochiondria • Plastids (chloroplasts) • Produces a chimera

  5. Secondary Endosymbiosis • Diversity of Algae • Endosymbiosis occurs twice

  6. Diplomonadida & Parabasala • No mitochondria • Multiple flagella • Giardia lambia • Trichomonas vaginalis

  7. Euglenozoa • Eugleniods and Kinetoplastids • Single mitochondria • Types • Trypanosoma (African sleeping sickness) • Euglena

  8. Alveolata • Parasitic • Cilia • Types • Dinoflagellates: phytoplankton • Pfiesteria piscicidia: carnivorous, blooms, toxins stuns • Apicomplexans • Plasmodium: Produces sporozoite • Ciliophora • Conjugation

  9. Stramenopila • Heterotrophic/photosynthetic • Oomycota • Diatoms • Golden, Brown Algae (seaweed)

  10. Alteration of Generations • Alteration of haploid/diploid that are multicellular • Sporophyte = diploid individual • Gametophyte = haploid individual • Heteromorphic = sporophyte/gametophyte structurally different • Isomorphic = s/g look alike, differ in chromosome number

  11. Algae • Rhodophyta: red algae • No flagella • Phycobilins (red pigment) in plastids • Chlorophyta: green algae • Green pigment • Lichens • Biflagellated • Many colonial, multicellular

  12. Movement and Feeding • Heterotrophs, symbiotic • Rhizopoda: amoebas • Pseudopodia • Actinopoda: Heliozoans • Axopodia • Foraminifera • Marine • Porous shell

  13. Mycetozoa • Slime Molds • Plasmodium Slime Molds: • Cellular Slime Molds:

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