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Earth’s Composition

Earth’s Composition. Formation of Layers of Earth. OBSERVATIONS: The Earth is not uniform! The layers generally become denser with depth. THEORY:

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Earth’s Composition

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  1. Earth’s Composition

  2. Formation of Layers of Earth OBSERVATIONS: • The Earth is not uniform! • The layers generally become denser with depth. THEORY: • Scientists think that Earth was once molten and denser materials settled towards the core and low-density materials floated to the surface. (all due to gravity)

  3. Layers of the Earth Boundaries that mark density changes between layers are discontinuities. Ex: Mohorovicic discontinuity separates the crust from the mantle.

  4. Project Mohole • 1958-1966 • Attempt to dig to Mohorovicic Discontinuity

  5. How do we know information about Earth’s interior? • Scientists have studied seismic waves. • P-waves (primary) are longitudinal and can travel through solids and liquids. They travel through liquids more slowly. • S-waves (secondary) are transverse and cannot travel through liquids.

  6. Elements Found in each Layer of Earth • Core: Fe, Ni • Mantle: O (44%), Mg (22%), Si (21%), Fe (6%) • Crust: O (46%), Si (28%), Al (8%), Fe (5%) • DENSITY TREND EXISTS FOR THE ELEMENTS

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