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Learning Theories presentation by: Cristi Messick

Learning Theories presentation by: Cristi Messick.

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Learning Theories presentation by: Cristi Messick

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  1. Learning Theories presentation by: • Cristi Messick

  2. In this presentation I will review a learning theory related to cognitive and behavioral learning. I will provide information about the learning theorist, and will also provide information as to how these learning theories impact adult education.

  3. Cognitive Learning Theory: Cognitivist feel that people learn knowledge. They feel that people learn from experiences. One theory associated with the cognitive learning theory is the information processing theory.

  4. George A. Miller was the theorist who believed in the Information Processing theory. Miller was born in the 1920’s. He earned his Ph.D. from Harvard in Psychology. ( Pribram & Sahakian, 1976).

  5. Information Processing Theory: • According to this theory there are three types of memory; sensory, short-term, and long-term. Sensory is the part of the memory that gets everything a person senses. Short term memory- this is the part of the memory where new information is stored briefly, this information will either be placed in long term memory or will be lost. Long term memory- this is the part of the memory that has unlimited storage and can hold information forever.(Pribram &Sahakian, 1976)

  6. Information Processing Theory: • The Information Processing theory can effect adult education. Adults can store the information that has been taught to them by the three types of memory. AN example being; an instructor informs them of certain information that will be on the final exam, the adult student will then store this information in either the long term or short term memory.

  7. The Information Processing theory could be used by the school of psychology at The University of Cardiff: • The school of psychology could be assigned to do an evaluation on other peers by giving them information, then later checking back with those peers. This could be a semester project where the students evaluate and then give a detailed description of how each participant stored the information over time that was given to them. They could then decide how the information was stored, sensory, short term or long term.

  8. Behaviorism: • Behaviorist feel that the human mind can be shaped and formed to make humans react to controlled circumstances. One behaviorist theory is operant condition.

  9. Operant Conditioning: • B.F. Skinner is the theorist who believed in operant conditioning. Skinner was born in March of 1904 and died in August of 1990. Skinner graduated from Harvard with his Ph.D. and was a long time professor for Harvard, he influenced many psychologists. (Boeree, 1998)(Britannica, n.d)

  10. Operant Conditioning: • An individual’s behavior results in a reinforcing stimulus which increases the likelihood that this behavior will be repeated or not repeated because of the result the behavior has. There is positive and negative reinforcements. An example of positive reinforcement would be if a teacher gives a piece of candy to a student that raised their hand to answer a question. More than likely because the student’s participation resulted in a reward that student will more than likely participate to receive positive reinforcing(Boeree, 1998).

  11. Operant conditioning and Adult Education: • When teaching, teachers can use the operant conditioning in multiple ways one way for the operant conditioning theory to be used in a positive way would be for the teacher to provide instructions for a specific assignment, the student can choose rather or not to follow the instructors directions. If they follow assignment directions it will result in a good grade, if they do not follow instruction the grade they receive will not be good.

  12. The operant conditioning theory could be used by the University of Cardiff School of Psychology: In this particular department they could do evaluations on the operant conditioning theory and get to see the actual results of how it works. They could adopt a dog and use this theory on the dog, as the dog behaves a certain way they can use both positive and negative reinforcement, then the students will get to experience the process hands on.

  13. In conclusion, the theory related to cognitive is the information processing theory. The theorist who believed in this theory was George A. Miller. The operant conditioning theory was presented by B.F. Skinner. Skinner believed in behaviorism.

  14. References: • Britannica. (n.d.). B.f. skinner. In Britannica Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/547663/BF-Skinner • Boeree, , C. G. (1998). B. f. skinner (1904 - 1990) operant conditioning. Retrieved from http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/Skinner.html (picture of B.F. Skinner also from this site.) • Pribram, K. H., & Sahakian (1976). George a. miller information processing. Retrieved from http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/IP/GAMiller.html • (picture of George Miller also retrieved from this site) • Picture of brain; appleofgodseye.files.wordpress.com • Picture of university; paradiseintheworld.com/cardiff.wales • m

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