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Predicting natural channel types in the Columbia River basin

Predicting natural channel types in the Columbia River basin. Hiroo Imaki 1 , Tim Beechie 1 , John Buffington 2 1. NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2. USFS, Rocky Mountain Research Station 2010.10.28. Questions. Where are we now? How much habitat we used to have?

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Predicting natural channel types in the Columbia River basin

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  1. Predicting natural channel types in the Columbia River basin HirooImaki1, Tim Beechie1, John Buffington2 1. NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2. USFS, Rocky Mountain Research Station 2010.10.28

  2. Questions • Where are we now? • How much habitat we used to have? • Where are we going? • Restore or not? • Where? • How much we can gain? • How much do we have to pay?

  3. Columbia River Basin Historical Ecology Project Channel Type Riparian Vegetation Salmon Distribution

  4. Project Objectives • Establish a guideline to restore stream processes for endangered salmon and biodiversity • Our methods and products can be used as… • Natural channel type template for restoration • Restoration prioritization tool

  5. Our common perspective Columbia River Basin Area668,000km2 Total stream length 444,121 km

  6. Why Channel Types? • Process-based channel classification • Natural or potential channel types • Restoration potential or target • Large geographic scale • Map presentation of physical channel type • Prioritization tool • Simplicity • Easy to explain and communicate!

  7. Floodplain Channel Types Straight Meandering Island-braided Braided Beechie et al. (2006)

  8. Mountain Channel Types Cascade Plane-bed Pool-riffle Step-pool Montgomery and Buffington (1997)

  9. Channel Type System Reach Yes No BFW< 8 m * Confined Prediction Model * * Hall et al. (2007) * Support Vector Machine Slope < 0.015 Confined Braided Pool-riffle Slope < 0.03 Plane-bed Island-braided Slope < 0.065 Step-pool Meandering Cascade Straight Mountain Channels Floodplain Channels Beechie and Imaki (in review) Montgomery and Buffington (1997)

  10. Biophysical Floodplain Channel Type Model

  11. Methods Flow direction GIS data preparation (DEM, stream, etc.) Field measurements Profile C B A Reach • Slope • Bankfull width • Floodplain width • Relative shear stress (RSS) • Fine sediment supply • Fine sediment • Alpine sediment • Root strength / Wood supply - + RSS Calculate geomorphic characteristics Relative shear stress Establish channel type reference reaches Build a model and predict channel types (Support Vector Machine)

  12. Accumulated Precipitation (BFW) Slope 8e+06 0.06 0.04 Slope(m/m) Accummulated precipitation (mm) 4e+06 0.02 0e+00 0.00 Island- braided Island- braided Braided Meandering Straight Braided Meandering Straight Confinement Relative Shear Stress 200 150 100 0 100 Relative shear stress (N/m2) Channel confinement (fpw/bfw) -100 50 -200 0 Island- braided Island- braided Braided Meandering Straight Braided Meandering Straight Fine Sediment Alpine Sediment 100 25 80 20 60 15 Alpine sediment supply area (%) Fine sediment supply area (%) 40 10 20 5 0 0 Island- braided Island- braided Braided Meandering Straight Braided Meandering Straight

  13. N Snake River Grand Ronde Columbia River 50 km 0

  14. Prediction accuracy and error Channel type ~ Slope + acc_precip + r_stress + fine_sediment + alpine_sediment Overall accuracy = 76% Kappa = 0.69

  15. Coming Soon!

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