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Power, by definition, is the time rate of doing work ; or the time rate transfer of energy .

Power, by definition, is the time rate of doing work ; or the time rate transfer of energy. P = W / t. Power is a scalar quantity. The SI unit of power is the Watt , named in honor of James Watt. One Watt, W, of power is the power achieved when 1.0 J of work is done or

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Power, by definition, is the time rate of doing work ; or the time rate transfer of energy .

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  1. Power, by definition, is the time rate of doing work; or the time rate transfer of energy. P=W/t Power is ascalarquantity.

  2. The SI unit of power is the Watt, named in honor of James Watt. One Watt, W, of power is the power achieved when 1.0 J of work is done or 1.0 J of energy is transferred in a time of 1.0 s.

  3. Power example • An 80 kg human walks up a flight of stairs in .22 s that have an altitude gain of 3.75 m. What is the power of the person?

  4. Power Example • First find the work= force*distance. F=mg 80*9.8=784N • W=Fd • 784N*3.75m=2940J • P=W/t=2940/.22=13363.64W

  5. Work, by definition, is the product of the force exerted on an object and the distance the object moves in the direction of the force. W=F·d Work is a scalar quantity.

  6. The SI unit of work is the Joule, named in honor of James Prescott Joule. One Joule, J, of work is the work done when 1.0 N of force is applied through a distance of 1.0 m.

  7. Work Example • An intern pushes a 75 kg patient on a 15 kg gurney, producing an accleration of .06m/s2. How much work does the intern do by pushing the patient and gurney through a distance of 2.5 m? Assume there is no friction.

  8. Find the F= ma 15+75=90 kg* .60 m/s2 • F= ma 90*.6= 54N • W=Fd= 54*2.5=135J

  9. Graphically, work is the area under a “Force vs. Displacement” graph. displacement, m

  10. If the force and displacement are not in the exact same direction, then work = Fd(cosq), where q is the angle between the force direction and displacement direction. F =40 N d = 3.0 m Example 2:The work done in moving the block 3.0 m to the right by the 40 N force at an angle of 35 to the horizontal is ... W = Fd(cos q) = (40N)(3.0 m)(cos 35) = 98 J

  11. Law of Conservation of Energy “Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. It may only change forms.” S all types of energy before the event = S all types of energy after the event • Examples: • A dropped object loses gravitational PE as it gains KE. • A block slides across the floor and comes to a stop. • A compressed spring shoots a ball into the air.

  12. Energy the ability (capacity) to do work Energy comes in many forms: mechanical, electrical , magnetic, solar, thermal, chemical, etc... The SI unit of energy is the Joule. Energy, like work, is a scalar.

  13. Kinetic Energy energy of motion All moving objects that have mass have kinetic energy. KE = 1/2 mv2 m - mass of the object in kg v - speed of the object in m/s KE - the kinetic energy in J

  14. Energy Example • A 50 kg boy and his 100 kg father went jogging. Both ran at a rate of 5 m/s. Who had more kinetic energy? Show your work and explain.

  15. Example Problem - answer • KE = ½mv2 Boy… • KE = ½(50 kg)(5 m/s)2 • KE = 625 J Dad… • KE = ½(100 kg)(5 m/s)2 • KE = 1250 J • Dad had more Kinetic energy because his mass was greater.

  16. Work-Energy Theorem the net work done on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy

  17. Potential Energy • Energy stored in a motionless object, giving it the potential to cause change

  18. Potential Energyenergy of position or condition • Chemical Potential Energy - energy stored in chemical bonds between atoms (Snickers bar, food, even gasoline)

  19. Potential Energy energy of position or condition gravitational potential energy PEg = mgh m - mass of object in kg g - acceleration of gravity in m/s2 h - height of object, in m, from some arbitrary reference point PE – gravitational potential energy in J

  20. Example Problem • What is the potential energy of a 10 N book that is placed on a shelf that is 2.5 meters high?

  21. Example Problem - answer • GPE = mgh • GPE = (10 N) (2.5m) • GPE = 25 J • Remember that weight = mg and that the force provided is weight. NOTE: you may want to change your variable for weight to Fg.

  22. Potential Energy energy of position or condition elastic potential energy PEe = ½kx2 k – elastic constant in N/m x - elongation or compression in m PEe– elastic potential energy in J Click here to investigate elastic constants.

  23. Example • A spring with a spring constant of 120 N/m is compressed a distance of 2.3 cm. How much potential energy is stored in the spring?

  24. Example • U= ½ kx2 • U= ½ (120)*(.025)2 • Remember we work in meters! • U= .032J

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