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Matter: Mixtures and elements and compounds

Matter: Mixtures and elements and compounds. What You’ll Learn. You will distinguish between physical and chemical properties You will classify matter by composition. You will explain the fundamental law of the conservation of mass. Mixtures.

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Matter: Mixtures and elements and compounds

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  1. Matter: Mixtures and elements and compounds

  2. What You’ll Learn • You will distinguish between physical and chemical properties • You will classify matter by composition. • You will explain the fundamental law of the conservation of mass

  3. Mixtures • A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties • This is a physical blending, not a chemical blending. • Composition of the mixture can vary • Can be physically separated

  4. Heterogeneous vs. Homogenous • Heterogeneous Mixture- one that does not blend smoothly throughout and which the individual substances remain distinct • Examples: Sand and Water, Oil and Water, Cement • Homogeneous Mixture (Solutions)- has constant composition throughout; it always has a single phase • Examples: salt water, vinegar, alloys

  5. Methods of separating mixtures • Magnet • Filter • Decant • Evaporation • Centrifuge • Chromatography • Distillation

  6. Filtration • A technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid

  7. Distillation • A technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of substances

  8. Crystallization • Atechnique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance

  9. Chromatography • A technique that separates the components of a mixture on the basis of the tendency of each to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material

  10. Elements and compounds • Elements- are the simplest form of matter that can exist under NORMAL laboratory conditions • Cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means • Are the building blocks for all other --substances • Compounds-are substances that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means

  11. Law of Definite Proportions • Elements comprising compounds combine in definite proportions • Regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass Water Methane

  12. Percent by mass • Percent by Mass- the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound as a percentage

  13. Practice Problem • A 78.0g sample of an unknown compound contains 12.4 g of hydrogen. What is the percent by mass of hydrogen in the compound? 15.9% Hydrogen

  14. More practice

  15. More practice!

  16. SUMMARY Matter Matter Physically separable Substance Definite composition (homogeneous) Mixture of Substances Variable composition Chemically separable Element (Examples: iron, sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, silver) Compound (Examples: water. iron sulfide, methane, aluminum, silicate) Homogeneous mixture Uniform throughout, also called a solution (Examples: air, tap water, gold alloy) Heterogeneous mixture Nonuniform distinct phases (Examples: soup, concrete, granite)

  17. Homework =) • Read Oobleck Lab-There will be a QUIZ before the lab over what you will be doing! • Make sure you bring the lab back-you will not receive another one. =) • Book work: • PAGE 69: 15-17 • PAGE 76: 21-23 • PAGE 77: 25-27, 30

  18. For the remainder of class • Work on Classifying Matter Worksheet • If you finish-read Oobleck Lab

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